Understanding Your Status: International Student Or Foreign National?

International students, also known as exchange students or foreign students, are those who pursue their secondary or tertiary education in a country other than their own. The number of international students has been increasing over the years, with 6.9 million recorded in 2022, and popular destinations include the United States, Canada, and the United Kingdom. The process of enrolling as an international student varies across countries, with specific visa requirements and financial considerations. International students are required to obtain a student visa, which involves selecting a school and proving financial capability to cover tuition and living expenses. Understanding the distinction between an international student and a foreign student is important, as it impacts data collection and reporting for receiving countries.

Characteristics of 'Are you an international student or foreign national'

International students' contribution to the economy

International students have made significant contributions to the economy of the United States. According to data from NAFSA: Association of International Educators, over one million international students studying at U.S. colleges and universities contributed more than $40 billion to the U.S. economy during the 2022-2023 academic year, supporting over 368,000 jobs. This figure represents a 19% increase compared to the previous academic year and is the second consecutive year of recorded growth following the negative impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic.

The positive economic impact of international students in the U.S. is multi-faceted. Firstly, they bring a significant amount of spending power, with approximately 60% of international students receiving the majority of their funds from sources outside the United States, including personal, family, and government sources. This spending supports various sectors of the U.S. economy, including education, accommodation, transportation, and consumer goods.

Secondly, international students contribute to the U.S. economy through their participation in scientific and technical research. They bring fresh ideas, talent, and international perspectives to U.S. classrooms and research laboratories, driving innovation and technological advances. Many international students also pursue graduate studies, with a notable increase in graduate student enrollments, particularly from India and Sub-Saharan Africa, contributing to the development of specialized fields.

Additionally, the presence of international students in the U.S. fosters longer-term business relationships and economic benefits. They become part of global alumni networks, connecting with domestic students and building international connections that can lead to future collaborations and economic opportunities. The impact of international students goes beyond their time as students, as many choose to remain in the U.S. after graduation, contributing further to the economy through their skills, expertise, and spending power.

To maximize the benefits of international students, the U.S. government and educational institutions have recognized the need for proactive policies and strategies. This includes making it easier for international students to study, work, and remain in the U.S. after graduation, as well as increasing the diversity and numbers of international students choosing the U.S. as a study destination. By adopting these measures, the U.S. can continue to attract and retain global talent, ensuring a positive impact on the economy and fostering a vibrant and innovative educational environment.

International students' visas

International students are those who undertake all or part of their secondary or tertiary education in a country other than their own. In 2022, there were 6.9 million international students worldwide, with the United States, Canada, and the United Kingdom being the most popular destinations.

International students are required to obtain a student visa, which determines their legal status in the host country. The type of visa needed depends on the course of study and the type of school the student plans to attend. For instance, in the United States, international students typically hold an F-1 Visa or an M-1 Visa. To qualify for a student visa, applicants must prove their financial ability to cover tuition, books, and living expenses.

The distinction between "international students" and "foreign students" is important in cross-border mobility statistics. The OECD and UIS define "international students" as those who cross borders for the specific purpose of studying, while "foreign students" are non-citizens enrolled at an educational institution outside their home country but who may not have necessarily crossed a border to study. This distinction aims to standardize data collection and accurately reflect student mobility.

The definition of "foreign student" can be problematic in European data, as a significant percentage of foreign students in some European countries are long-term or permanent residents. The OECD addresses this by including data from countries that count "international students who are not permanent residents" or those who received their prior education in another country, depending on the context.

International students' mental health

International students are those who undertake all or part of their secondary or tertiary education in a country other than their own. In 2022, there were 6.9 million international students worldwide, with the most popular destinations being the United States, Canada, and the United Kingdom, which together received 39% of international students.

The mental health of international students has been recognized as a growing concern among universities globally. International students often face unique challenges that can impact their mental health, such as managing basic needs, adjusting to a new culture, and navigating immigration, employment, and financial concerns. Recent research has shown that international students report higher levels of loneliness, anxiety, and stress than their domestic counterparts, and they are also more hesitant to seek support. These feelings of mental distress can be exacerbated by the many barriers that international students face in their host country, such as a conflict between their values and those of their adopted home.

The COVID-19 pandemic further disproportionately impacted the mental health of international students, with increased discrimination and hate crimes, as well as the challenges of fulfilling their academic, social, and immigration obligations.

It is important to understand the predictors of psychological distress in international students, such as anxiety, depression, and stress, and to promote positive mental health and well-being. Positive psychological resources such as optimism, hope, self-efficacy, and grit can help to reduce anxiety and enhance overall well-being. Many campuses have departments specifically focused on providing support for international students, including help with immigration, employment, and financial concerns. These departments can be a valuable resource for international students navigating the challenges of studying abroad.

International students' academic preparation

International students are individuals who leave their country of residence to pursue academic studies in a foreign country. The number of international students has been increasing, with 6.9 million international students recorded in 2022, a significant jump from 5.12 million in 2016. The most popular destinations for international students are the United States, Canada, and the United Kingdom, which collectively receive 39% of international students.

International students face various challenges when transitioning to a new academic environment, especially when studying in a different language. Universities like Cambridge have recognized this and offer guidance and support to international students to help them achieve their academic potential. One key area of focus is academic English literacy, which often poses challenges due to differences in approach, conventions, and expectations compared to students' first languages.

To facilitate the transition, many universities offer preparatory programs specifically designed for international students. For example, Yale Summer Session offers a University Preparation course for international high school students aspiring to study in the United States. This course aims to enhance reading comprehension, critical thinking, and writing skills, with a strong focus on academic writing and vocabulary development. It also covers essential aspects such as mastering the research process, refining essay writing, and strengthening listening and note-taking abilities.

Additionally, standardized tests like the SAT, AP, and other College Board programs play a crucial role in preparing international students for studying abroad. These tests help students develop the skills necessary for university success and make a strong impression on their applications. Universities also often require international students to demonstrate a high level of proficiency in the language of instruction, ensuring they can effectively engage in their academic pursuits.

In conclusion, international students face unique challenges when embarking on their academic journey in a foreign country. However, with the availability of preparatory programs, language support, and standardized tests, they can enhance their academic skills, improve language proficiency, and gain a better understanding of the educational system in their host country. These resources play a vital role in facilitating a smoother transition and helping international students succeed in their academic endeavors.

International students' financial aid

International students who wish to study in a foreign country often face the challenge of financing their education. Tuition fees and living expenses can be significantly higher for international students, and they may not be eligible for the same financial aid programs as domestic students. However, there are several financial aid options available specifically for international students. Here are some common sources of financial aid for international students:

Scholarships: Scholarships are a form of financial aid that does not need to be repaid. Many organizations, including universities, governments, and private entities, offer scholarships specifically for international students. These scholarships may be merit-based, need-based, or focused on a specific field of study. Some common scholarships for international students include the Fulbright Program, the Amnesty International Scholarships, and the Rotary Peace Fellowships.

Grants: Grants are similar to scholarships in that they do not need to be repaid. They are typically awarded based on financial need and may be offered by universities, governments, or non-profit organizations. International students should explore grants offered by their host country's government, as well as those offered by their home country's government specifically for students studying abroad.

Loans: International students may be eligible for educational loans to help cover the cost of their studies. These loans may be offered by private lenders or government programs. It is important to carefully review the terms and conditions of any loan, including interest rates, repayment schedules, and eligibility requirements, before applying. Some countries, such as the United States, offer federal student loans for eligible non-citizens, while other countries may have their own equivalent programs.

University Financial Aid: Many universities offer financial aid packages specifically for international students. These packages can include a combination of scholarships, grants, and on-campus employment opportunities. It is important to research the financial aid offerings of specific universities when considering your study options. Some universities may also offer tuition fee waivers or discounts for international students, so it is worth inquiring about these possibilities directly with the institution.

Home Country Sponsorship: In some cases, international students may receive financial support from their home country's government or organizations within their home country. These sponsorships are often merit-based and may require a commitment to return to your home country after completing your studies. It is worth exploring if any government ministries, cultural exchange programs, or local businesses in your home country offer such sponsorships.

Part-time Work: International students may be allowed to work part-time during their studies, depending on the regulations of their host country. This can provide a source of income to help cover living expenses. It is important to carefully review the rules and restrictions around part-time work for international students, as there may be limits on the number of hours you can work or the types of jobs you can undertake.

To maximize your chances of securing financial aid, it is important to start your research and application process early. Many scholarships and grants have specific deadlines and requirements, so staying organized and informed is crucial. Additionally, don't hesitate to reach out to the international student office or financial aid department of your chosen university for guidance and support throughout the process.

Frequently asked questions