Savanna Hoffman
International students are individuals who travel to a foreign country to pursue their education. The process of becoming an international student is not easy, as it involves a complex and competitive application process, financial planning, and cultural adjustments. In 2022, there were over 6.9 million international students worldwide, with popular destinations being the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, Australia, and Russia. International students contribute to the economy and technological innovation of their host countries, but they may also face challenges such as language barriers, cultural differences, and a lack of support groups. To study in a foreign country, international students typically need to obtain a student visa, with the specific type of visa depending on the country and the nature of their studies.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Definition | Definitions vary by country. In the US, an international student is a "non-immigrant" with a "temporary visa" for "academic study at the post-secondary level." |
| Challenges | International students often face language barriers, ignorance or disrespect from native speakers, and lack support groups. |
| Benefits | International students contribute to technological innovation and increased competitiveness in the global economy. |
| Destinations | The most popular destinations are the US, Canada, the UK, Russia, and Australia. |
| Visa Types | F, J, and M visas are the primary types of student visas in the US. F-1 visas are for academic study, M-1 visas are for vocational study, and J-1 visas are for exchange programs. |
| Visa Requirements | Students must be enrolled in an accredited academic, language-training, or vocational program at a SEVP-certified institution. |
| Employment | F-1 students may not work off-campus during the first year but may accept on-campus employment. After the first year, they can engage in off-campus employment with restrictions. |
| Application Process | The process is complex, competitive, and time-consuming, requiring preparation and organization. |
| Financial Aid | International students can access financial aid resources, scholarships, and loans to help finance their education. |
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What You'll Learn
Get a student visa
To get a student visa for the United States, you must first determine whether you need an F visa or an M visa. The type of visa you need depends on your course of study and the type of school you plan to attend.
The F-1 Visa is for academic students and allows you to enter the US as a full-time student at an accredited academic institution. This includes colleges, universities, seminaries, academic high schools, elementary schools, and language training programs. Your school must be authorized by the US government to accept foreign students, and you must be enrolled in a program that culminates in a degree, diploma, or certificate.
The M-1 visa, on the other hand, is for vocational students and includes students in vocational or other non-academic programs, except for language training.
To apply for an F or M visa, you will need to obtain a Form I-20 from your school. This form lists your program start date and allows you to enter the US up to 30 days before the start of your program. You must have this form with you when you enter the country, and you will need it to apply for your visa. Before applying for your visa, you must also pay the I-901 SEVIS Fee and present the receipt as proof of payment. You can then apply for your visa at any US Embassy or Consulate before travelling to the US.
It's important to note that there are specific rules and regulations that you must follow as an international student in the US, and you may only be eligible for certain types of employment. Additionally, obtaining a visa does not guarantee entrance to the US; it only permits you to arrive and seek permission to enter the country.
Alternatively, if you are looking to get a student visa for the UK, you can apply for a Student visa if you are 16 or over.
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Face language barriers
International students often face language barriers when studying in a foreign country, which can affect their academic performance, social life, and mental health. This challenge can be particularly daunting when studying in a non-English speaking country, as they may encounter people who do not speak English at all. Even in English-speaking countries, such as the United Kingdom, international students may experience social language barriers due to cultural differences, local dialects, and mannerisms.
The language barrier can manifest in various ways. Academically, international students may struggle with understanding lectures, writing essays, and sitting for exams, especially with the use of technical terms and specific jargon. They may feel isolated and inadequate when they see their peers taking notes and conversing with lecturers with ease, hindering their motivation and participation in class discussions.
Socially, international students may hold themselves back from interacting with others due to a lack of confidence in their language skills. They may worry about making mistakes or not speaking perfectly, leading to anxiety and self-doubt. This can result in a lack of socialisation, impacting their ability to form meaningful relationships and fully integrate into the host culture.
To overcome these challenges, international students can take advantage of various resources and strategies. Practicing the target language as much as possible is crucial, even without perfect fluency. Speaking with lecturers, local friends, and fellow international students can help improve language skills and build confidence. Joining university clubs, participating in cultural events, and engaging in activities like cooking classes or film nights can provide opportunities for conversation and integration. Additionally, language applications, university language classes, and private tutors can aid in language learning.
Institutions also play a vital role in supporting international students. Creating an inclusive environment, encouraging patience and understanding from faculty and native students, and providing language-friendly spaces can help ease language barriers. Pairing international students with local "language buddies" and offering orientation programs can further facilitate their transition.
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Apply to US colleges
Applying to US colleges as an international student can be an exciting but complicated process. Here is a step-by-step guide to help you through the application process:
Research and Planning
First, you need to research the programmes and schools that interest you. Consider your academic and professional goals, and look for colleges and universities with majors and programmes that match your interests. Prioritise academic factors first, then look at social factors, retention rates, diversity, housing, and career development opportunities. It is also important to consider the location and campus facilities, such as temperature, safety, accessibility, and distance from large cities.
Creating a List of Suitable Universities
After researching, create a list of 13-15 universities that includes a balanced mix of likely, target, and reach schools. A likely school is one where your academic profile is stronger than that of the average admitted student. You can refer to university rankings, such as those released by QS World University Rankings or Times Higher Education, to help you decide.
Standardised Tests
Many US colleges require international students to take standardised tests, such as the SAT or ACT. Some colleges may require SAT or ACT scores, while others may be test-blind and not consider test scores at all. Additionally, many colleges require international students to submit an English as a Second Language exam, such as TOEFL or IELTS, to demonstrate English proficiency.
Application Materials
Start gathering your application materials early, including personal statements and letters of recommendation from teachers or others who know you well. Each school may have different requirements for recommendation letters, so check with the admissions office of each school to ensure you are complying with their guidelines. You may also need to get your school transcripts evaluated and translated by a third-party organisation to ensure they meet US academic standards.
Applying
Some schools will ask you to apply directly through their website, while others may use a standardised application like the Common App, which allows you to apply to multiple colleges at once. Remember to always start the application process early, as US colleges may have earlier deadlines, sometimes up to ten months before the beginning of the school term.
Student Visas
Once you gain admission to a US college, you will need to navigate the student visa process. The F-1 visa is the most common type for students studying in the US, but there are other options, such as the M-1 visa for vocational programmes. You will need to schedule a visa interview with the US embassy or consulate in your country to determine your eligibility and follow the instructions carefully in the visa application process.
Applying to US colleges as an international student requires thorough research and planning, but by following these steps, you can increase your chances of gaining admission to the schools of your choice.
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Work while studying
International students in the United States with an F-1 visa are permitted to work on-campus for up to 20 hours per week during the academic year and up to 40 hours per week during breaks. However, they must maintain their F-1 status and follow certain guidelines, such as obtaining permission from the Designated School Official (DSO) and ensuring that the work is directly related to their major or field of study.
For off-campus employment, F-1 students must meet eligibility requirements and obtain official authorization. Off-campus work must be related to the student's area of study and is typically in the form of internships or practical training. F-1 students may engage in three types of off-campus employment: Curricular Practical Training (CPT), Optional Practical Training (OPT), and severe economic hardship employment. CPT is typically a paid or unpaid internship or practicum that is related to the student's field of study. OPT allows students to work in areas related to their major for up to one year before or after graduation. Students who have completed their studies can apply for one year of OPT, which can be extended to three years for those in STEM fields. To be eligible for OPT, students must have been enrolled for at least one academic year and have active F-1 status.
In cases of severe economic hardship, as defined by the United States Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS), F-1 students may be authorized to work off-campus for up to 20 hours per week during the academic year and full-time during breaks. To obtain this authorization, students must work with their DSO and apply for an Employment Authorization Document with USCIS.
It is important to note that the rules and regulations regarding international student employment in the United States can be complex and may vary depending on the student's visa status and other factors. Students should consult with their school's International Student Office or a designated official to determine their eligibility and ensure they are following the necessary procedures.
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Prepare for culture shock
Culture shock is a common experience for international students, and it can be challenging. It is often described as a feeling of disorientation, confusion, or anxiety when encountering an unfamiliar place with customs different from your own. International students often experience culture shock when they come across something new or unusual, such as cultural differences in food portions, transportation, or even the climate.
Recognize and Understand Culture Shock
It is important to recognize the signs and symptoms of culture shock, which may include homesickness, anxiety, stress, irritability, fatigue, and withdrawal. Understanding that these feelings are normal and temporary can help you effectively address the emotional and psychological challenges that may arise.
Seek Support and Make Connections
Building a support system is crucial. Connect with fellow international students who can relate to your experiences and provide mutual support. Join student groups, clubs, or societies that align with your interests, such as sports, music, or volunteering. These activities can help you make friends, learn about the local culture, and create a sense of belonging. Take advantage of the orientation programs, health services, counselling services, and other resources provided by your educational institution.
Explore Your Surroundings
Engage actively with your new environment by exploring your host city, participating in cultural events, and embracing the opportunity to learn and grow. This can help you become more familiar and comfortable with your new surroundings, making the transition smoother.
Maintain Connections with Your Home Country
Stay in touch with your friends and family back home through email, text, telephone, or video calls. Surround yourself with familiar items, such as photos or mementos from home, to provide comfort and a sense of connection to your home country.
Embrace Cultural Differences
Before your departure, research and learn about the culture of your host country. Understanding some of the cultural differences in advance can help minimize the initial shock upon your arrival. Remember that cultural differences can be positive learning experiences, making you more aware of your own culture and the new culture you are immersing yourself in.
Self-Care and Familiar Habits
Take care of your physical and mental well-being. Maintain a healthy and balanced diet, and try to find familiar foods or restaurants that can provide comfort. Continue engaging in activities or hobbies that you enjoyed in your home country, such as exercising, practising your faith, or participating in sports. These familiar habits can provide a sense of stability and help combat feelings of disorientation.
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Frequently asked questions
International students in the US on an F-1 visa may accept on-campus employment in their first academic year. After the first year, they may engage in off-campus employment, but it must be related to their area of study and authorized by the Designated School Official and USCIS. M-1 visa holders can only work off-campus if it's related to their studies and authorized by the Designated School Official and USCIS.
Yes, international students in the US may be eligible to transfer to a new school, but the eligibility circumstances vary depending on their student status.
Yes, a nonimmigrant in the US on a visa for a purpose other than studying can change their status to enroll in school.
