Douglas Olsen
International travel is permitted for students on Optional Practical Training (OPT) status, but it is not recommended due to the risks involved. Students on OPT status must ensure they have the correct documentation, including a valid passport, F-1 visa, I-20 form, and EAD card, as well as evidence of a job offer or employment. Students must also be mindful of the potential impact on their F-1 status and OPT authorization if they travel on a non-F-1 status, such as a tourist. It is recommended to consult official sources for specific requirements and procedures, as U.S. immigration policies are subject to change.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| OPT type | Pre-completion, Post-completion, STEM OPT |
| OPT application status | Pending, Approved |
| Student status | F-1 |
| Work status | Part-time, Full-time, Unpaid internship, Volunteer |
| Work authorisation | EAD card |
| Travel risks | Loss of F-1 status, Loss of OPT authorisation, Loss of employment authorisation |
| Travel documents | Passport, F-1 visa, I-20, I-765, EAD card, Proof of employment |
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What You'll Learn
F-1 visa requirements
F-1 students are eligible to participate in Optional Practical Training (OPT) in two ways: pre-completion OPT and post-completion OPT. Pre-completion OPT allows students to work 20 hours or less per week while school is in session and full-time when school is not in session. Post-completion OPT requires students to work part-time (a minimum of 20 hours per week) or full time. All OPT must be directly related to the student's major area of study.
Students with an approved OPT application and an EAD card may travel internationally and request entry into the US in F-1 status. They will need the following documents:
- An unexpired EAD card (not valid for re-entry on its own)
- An I-20 form with OPT recommendation and an unexpired travel signature (valid for six months when on OPT)
- An unexpired F-1 visa in the passport (except for Canadian citizens)
- A valid passport (valid for at least six months beyond the date of re-entering the US)
- A letter of employment, if applicable
If an F-1 student's OPT application is pending, they may still travel internationally, but it is not recommended. They will need all the documents listed above for re-entry to the US, as well as their I-765 receipt notice (Form I-797). They must also have someone monitor their US mailbox and inform them if they receive any documents from USCIS. If their OPT application is denied while they are outside the US, they cannot re-enter or reapply, and their F-1 status will end.
Students on a STEM OPT extension may travel abroad and seek re-entry to the US in F-1 status during the extension period if they have a valid F-1 visa that permits multiple entries and a current Form I-20 Certificate of Eligibility endorsed for re-entry by the DSO within the last six months.
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Travel signatures
International travel during Optional Practical Training (OPT) is a complex process that requires careful planning and adherence to specific regulations. While OPT allows F-1 students to gain practical experience through temporary employment related to their major area of study, travel during OPT involves additional considerations. Here is a comprehensive overview of the key points regarding travel signatures for OPT students:
- Understanding Travel Signatures: A travel signature is a crucial component of the I-20 or DS-2019 form, which is a critical document for international students travelling to and from the United States. This signature serves as a validation for re-entry into the U.S. and is required specifically for F-1 students on OPT.
- Validity and Timing: Travel signatures are typically valid for up to 6 months from the date of signature. However, some sources mention a validity period of up to 12 months. It is essential to obtain a new travel signature if your re-entry to the U.S. exceeds this validity period.
- Obtaining a Travel Signature: To obtain a travel signature, students should submit a Travel Signature I-20 Request to the designated school officials (DSO) or responsible officers, depending on their visa type (F-1 or J-1). The processing time for these requests is approximately seven business days, and the signed form will be sent to the student's email.
- Planning and Precautions: It is recommended to plan ahead and obtain a travel signature before departing the U.S. whenever possible. In cases where a student forgets or is unable to obtain a travel signature before travelling, they may request Form I-515A at the immigration port of entry. This form provides temporary admission to the U.S. for 30 days, but it is at the discretion of the Customs and Border Protection officer and does not guarantee entry.
- Required Documents for OPT Students: In addition to a valid travel signature, OPT students should carry other essential documents when travelling internationally. These include a valid passport, a valid F-1 visa stamp in the passport (not required for Canadian citizens), evidence of a job offer or employment, and the EAD card.
- STEM OPT Extensions: For students on STEM OPT extensions, the requirements are slightly different. They must have a valid F-1 visa permitting multiple entries and a current Form I-20 Certificate of Eligibility endorsed for re-entry by the DSO within the last six months. Additionally, they must provide proof of continued employment, such as pay stubs or an employment verification document.
In conclusion, travel signatures are an essential aspect of international travel for OPT students. By understanding the requirements and planning ahead, students can ensure a smoother travel experience and maintain their OPT status while exploring opportunities beyond the United States.
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Employment rules
Optional Practical Training (OPT) is a popular pathway for international students to gain valuable professional experience in the US. F-1 students can apply for OPT after being enrolled for at least 9 months, but they cannot begin employment until they receive their Employment Authorization Document (EAD) from the US Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) and have been enrolled for at least a year.
During the OPT application process, students must remain proactive, meet deadlines, and comply with regulations to maintain their F-1 status. While on OPT, students must be working or actively seeking employment related to their major field of study. They are limited to 90 days of unemployment during their OPT, and all employment and address changes must be reported within 10 days.
For off-campus employment, F-1 students must first obtain an internship offer with an international organization and then work with the Designated School Official (DSO) to apply for an Employment Authorization Document with USCIS. The DSO will determine the student's eligibility and enter their recommendation into the Student and Exchange Visitor Information System (SEVIS). The DSO will then provide the student with a completed Form I-20, which serves as a Certificate of Eligibility for Nonimmigrant Student Status.
Students on OPT must adhere to specific work hour limitations, with a maximum of 20 hours during the school term. They can work full-time during school breaks. Additionally, students must maintain their F-1 status by ensuring their I-20 is up-to-date and obtaining fresh travel signatures from the school's International Office every 6 months.
Self-employment is allowed on regular OPT if it relates to the student's degree, but it is not permitted on STEM OPT. Students on STEM OPT must work for an E-Verify employer who provides supervision and completes Form I-983.
When travelling internationally, F-1 students on OPT must carry all necessary documentation, including a valid F-1 visa, OPT EAD, signed Form I-20, and proof of employment. It is recommended to enter the US through the San Francisco International Airport (SFO) to minimize the risk of F-1 status invalidation.
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Re-entry to the US
F-1 students who have applied for or been approved for Optional Practical Training (OPT) by U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) can leave and re-enter the U.S. after completing their academic program. However, re-entry to the U.S. is never guaranteed, and students must understand the risks associated with travel.
To re-enter the U.S., F-1 students on OPT must have the following documents:
- A valid passport.
- A valid F-1 visa stamp in the passport (except for Canadian citizens).
- Form I-20, Certificate of Eligibility, endorsed for re-entry by the DSO within the last six months.
- An OPT EAD issued by USCIS (although this is not valid for re-entry on its own).
- Evidence of a job offer or resumption of employment.
Additionally, students on a STEM OPT extension must have a valid F-1 visa that permits multiple entries. Students with a pending OPT application should also have their I-765 receipt notice (Form I-797) when applying for a new F-1 visa.
It is important to note that entry to the U.S. in any status other than F-1 OPT or STEM OPT will invalidate the OPT work authorization. Students must also ensure they do not exceed the maximum OPT unemployment time and must not be absent from the U.S. for more than five months.
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OPT application process
The OPT application process can be long and complex, with strict rules and several steps to follow. Here is a detailed guide on the OPT application process:
Eligibility:
Firstly, ensure you are eligible for Optional Practical Training (OPT). OPT is available to F-1 students who have been enrolled full-time for at least one academic year at a college or university certified by the Student and Exchange Visitor Program (SEVP) to enroll F-1 students.
DSO Recommendation:
Request that your Designated School Official (DSO) recommend OPT. The DSO will endorse your Form I-20, Certification of Eligibility for Nonimmigrant Student Status, and make the appropriate notation in the Student and Exchange Visitor Information System (SEVIS).
Timing:
The timing of your OPT application is crucial. The earliest date the United States Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) can receive your OPT application is 90 days before you complete your one full academic year of enrollment. The latest date is 60 days after your date of program completion.
Form I-765:
Compile all the required documents, including a completed Form I-765, "Application for Employment Authorization." This form must be filed within 30 days of the DSO OPT recommendation. You can choose to submit your application online or by mail. When mailing, ensure you use the correct mailing address and send your application with tracking information.
Supporting Documentation:
Along with Form I-765, you must provide supporting documentation as described in the form instructions. This may include evidence of your studies, certification of eligibility, and payment of the required fee. Note that if you submit photos with your application, they must be unmounted and unretouched.
Post-Completion OPT:
If you are applying for post-completion OPT, you must do so during your 60-day grace period, which starts the day after you complete all requirements for your degree program. If your OPT application is still pending during this period, you can legally remain in the US in F-1 status until a decision is made.
STEM OPT Extension:
If you have earned a degree in certain Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) fields, you may be eligible for a 24-month extension of your post-completion OPT. To qualify, you must meet specific requirements, including being an F-1 student with a STEM degree and having an employer who uses E-Verify.
Travel during OPT:
If you plan to travel internationally during OPT, be aware of the travel restrictions and required documentation for re-entry to the US. Ensure you have a valid passport, F-1 visa, Form I-20 with a recent travel signature, and evidence of a job or job offer.
Remember, this is a general overview, and you should always refer to the USCIS website and seek official guidance from your DSO for the most accurate and up-to-date information regarding the OPT application process.
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Frequently asked questions
Yes, F-1 students on post-completion OPT or STEM OPT may travel outside the United States temporarily and be readmitted to resume F-1 status and employment for the remainder of the period authorized on their EAD card. However, re-entry to the U.S. is never guaranteed, and it is recommended that students proceed with caution.
Students will need to carry all the required documents for re-entry to the U.S. while on OPT, including a valid Form I-20, signed by an advisor, a valid F-1 visa stamp in their passport, and an OPT EAD issued by USCIS.
No, you should work for an E-verified employer, and they should provide a job that is related to your field of study.
Travel during the OPT application process is allowed but not recommended as it poses certain risks. If you choose to travel, you should monitor your mail and ensure you have all the required documents.
Students on OPT must be working or actively seeking employment during the period of OPT authorization. Students can work for multiple employers if each role is related to their degree, and they must not exceed the permitted working hours.
