Lana Oconnell
The process of becoming an international student in the US is complex and competitive, requiring hard work and dedication. International students in the US are managed by two government agencies: the US Department of State and the Department of Homeland Security. Students must obtain a valid student visa (F or M) and maintain their status while studying in the US. The application process involves various steps, including tests, essay writing, and credential evaluations. Financing an international education can be challenging, but resources are available to help manage finances. International students have specific rights and protections but should be aware of their responsibilities, especially regarding legal status, employment restrictions, and social media usage.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Application process | Complex, competitive, extensive, confusing |
| Requirements | SATs, TOEFL and other tests, essay writing, credential evaluation |
| Student visa types | F-1 Visa (Academic Student), M-1 Visa (Vocational Student), J Visa |
| Student visa requirements | Enrolled in an academic, language-training, or vocational program, school must be approved by the Student and Exchange Visitors Program |
| Student visa maintenance | Form I-20 document (F and M visas) or DS-2019 document (J visas) |
| Student visa issuance | U.S. Department of State |
| Student status granting and immigration regulation enforcing | U.S. Department of Homeland Security |
| Student employment | F-1 students may not work off-campus during the first academic year, but may accept on-campus employment; after the first year, F-1 students may engage in three types of off-campus employment, including STEM OPT |
| Student rights | Due process rights, the right to remain silent, the right to consult an attorney, the right to appear before an immigration judge, First Amendment rights |
| Student responsibilities | Abide by road and vehicle rules, keep registration and license updated and accessible |
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What You'll Learn
Application process
The application process for US students who want to become international students can be exciting but also daunting, and it often takes a lot of time and effort. It is important to start preparing early, ideally 18 months before you wish to study. The first step is to research the various institutions and decide which ones are the best fit for you academically and socially. Consider the academic programs on offer, the size of the school, the geographic location, campus life, and community, as well as resources and support for international students. It is also important to check each institution's specific requirements for international students, as these can vary.
Once you have decided on your preferred institutions, you can start gathering your application materials. This includes writing personal statements and requesting recommendations from teachers or others who can vouch for you. You will also need to submit transcripts, which may need to be evaluated and translated by a third-party organisation, and you may need to take standardised admissions tests. Many universities require international students to take an English language proficiency test, such as TOEFL or IELTS, and you may need to demonstrate your financial ability to pay tuition and living expenses.
After submitting your application, you will need to navigate the visa application process. There are two types of student visas available: an F-1 visa for those intending to pursue an academic program, and an M-1 visa for those intending to pursue a vocational or non-academic program. To obtain a visa, you must be enrolled in a program at a school approved by the Student and Exchange Visitor Program, and you will need to provide unmounted and unretouched photos with your application.
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Student visas
To study in the US as an international student, you must obtain a student visa. The process of obtaining a student visa is not quick, and students are advised to start preparing months in advance. There are two non-immigrant visa categories for persons wishing to study in the United States, commonly known as F and M visas.
F-1 Visa
The F-1 Visa is for full-time international students pursuing academic studies. To qualify for this visa, you must be enrolled in an "academic" educational program, a language-training program, or a vocational program at a school approved by the Student and Exchange Visitors Program, Immigration & Customs Enforcement (ICE). The F-1 Visa allows you to enter the United States as a full-time student at an accredited college, university, seminary, conservatory, academic high school, elementary school, or other academic institution. Your school must be authorised by the US government to accept foreign students.
M-1 Visa
The M-1 Visa is for full-time international students pursuing vocational studies. This visa is for students enrolled in vocational or other non-academic programs, excluding language training.
J-1 Visa
The J-1 exchange visitor visa is for foreign nationals who have been approved to take part in work-and-study-based exchange programs. Examples include visiting scholars, camp counselors, au pairs, and research assistants.
Application Process
The US Department of State is responsible for the initial visa application process and issuance. The application process for US colleges and universities can be extensive and confusing, with many steps, including tests like SATs and TOEFL, essay writing, and credential evaluation. Students must also pay the I-901 SEVIS fee and obtain a receipt before applying for a visa at a US Embassy or Consulate. A valid student visa is required to apply to the Department of Homeland Security for admission into the United States at the port of entry.
Student Status
To maintain student status, visa holders must fulfil the purpose for their visa and follow all associated regulations. Students may be eligible to apply for certain benefits, but most employment and training opportunities require authorisation from United States Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS).
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Employment rules
International students in the United States on a non-immigrant F-1 visa can obtain work authorization under specific circumstances. Students must be enrolled in an academic, language-training, or vocational program at a school approved by the Student and Exchange Visitors Program. They must also demonstrate the ability to afford school and living expenses before entering the US and should not plan to work off-campus.
During the first academic year, F-1 students can only work on-campus for up to 20 hours per week when classes are in session and up to 40 hours per week during breaks. On-campus employment includes work performed for on-location commercial firms that provide services for students on campus, such as the school bookstore or cafeteria. It can also include work performed at an off-campus location that is educationally affiliated with the school and is an integral part of the student's educational program.
After the first academic year, F-1 students can become eligible for Curricular Practical Training (CPT) and Optional Practical Training (OPT). CPT provides actual experience in the student's major and can include internships, cooperative education jobs, or practicums. OPT allows students to work in areas related to their major for up to one year before or after graduation. To be eligible for OPT, students must have been enrolled for at least one academic year and have active F-1 status.
In cases of severe economic hardship, F-1 students may be authorized to work off-campus for up to 20 hours per week during the school year and full-time during breaks. To qualify, students must demonstrate that they have suffered unforeseen economic hardship and that on-campus employment is unavailable or insufficient.
For both CPT and OPT, employment authorization is granted by the Designated School Official (DSO) and U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS). Students must work closely with their school's International Student Office to ensure they meet all requirements and maintain their F-1 status.
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Driving rules
International students on F-1, M-1, or J-1 visas can obtain a US driver's license in the state where they reside during their studies. The process involves submitting the required documents and understanding the specific driving rules in that state, as they vary across the US. Here are some key driving rules and guidelines to keep in mind:
- Understanding State-Specific Rules: Each state in the US has its own unique traffic rules and regulations. It is essential to familiarize yourself with the driving rules specific to the state where you will be residing and driving. These rules can vary significantly from your home country, so taking the time to learn them will keep you safe and confident on the road.
- Designated School Official (DSO): Before applying for a driver's license, it is recommended to consult your DSO about the driving rules and regulations in your state or territory. They can provide valuable information and guidance on the local driving laws.
- Waiting Period and Documentation: After arriving in the United States, it is advisable to wait around 10 days before applying for a driver's license. This allows time for your Form I-94 ("Arrival/Departure Record") information to update in the government systems. Ensure that your Student and Exchange Visitor Information System (SEVIS) record is active before applying.
- Required Documents: When applying for a driver's license, you will need to submit specific documents, including your Form I-20 ("Certificate of Eligibility for Nonimmigrant Student Status"), a valid passport, your most recent student visa (unless you are from a visa-exempt country), and proof of residence. Some states may also require a Social Security Number (SSN) or a letter of ineligibility from the Social Security Administration.
- International Driving Permit (IDP): If you already possess a driver's license from your home country, you may need an IDP to drive in the US legally. An IDP is a multi-language translation of your driving license recognized by many countries. However, it is not a driving license, and you may still need your home country's license. Check with the motor vehicle agency in your home country or the US state you plan to drive in to confirm if an IDP is required.
- Local Practices and Customs: In addition to the official driving rules, it is beneficial to be aware of local driving practices and customs. Each area may have unspoken driving norms that are helpful to know to navigate traffic confidently.
- Driving Lessons: If you are new to driving in the US, consider taking driving lessons. These lessons can provide valuable experience and help you become more comfortable with American traffic conditions and driving on the right-hand side of the road.
- Insurance and Vehicle Registration: If you plan to own a car, ensure you understand the insurance requirements and registration process in your state. Buying and maintaining a car can be expensive, and adequate insurance coverage is essential to protect yourself financially in case of accidents or damages.
Remember to always follow the local driving rules and regulations, stay informed about any updates, and practice safe driving habits. By adhering to these guidelines, you can confidently navigate the roads and explore your surroundings during your time as an international student in the United States.
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Funding
Scholarships and Financial Aid
US students can explore scholarships offered by the institution they plan to attend or by private organizations that support international education. These scholarships can provide full or partial funding, making it more affordable for students to pursue their studies abroad. It is important to research and apply for scholarships well in advance, as competition for these awards can be intense.
Student Loans
Student loans are another common source of funding for US students studying internationally. Students can apply for federal student loans, such as Direct Unsubsidized Loans or Grad PLUS Loans, through the US Department of Education. Additionally, private student loans from banks or other financial institutions can also be an option for those who need additional funding. It is important to carefully consider the terms and conditions of any loan before committing to ensure a clear understanding of the repayment process.
Online Learning
For US students who cannot afford the cost of traditional on-campus international programs, online learning can be a more affordable alternative. Many universities now offer online degree programs that allow students to obtain an international qualification without having to relocate. This option can significantly reduce costs associated with accommodation, travel, and living expenses.
Community Colleges
For US students who want to experience international education but are concerned about the high cost of universities, community colleges can be a more affordable option. Spending the first two years of their studies at a community college can provide a solid foundation for their academic journey at a fraction of the cost. This approach allows students to save money while still gaining valuable educational experiences and credits that can be transferred to a four-year institution.
Employment Opportunities
Some countries may allow international students to work part-time during their studies, providing an opportunity to earn an income to support their living expenses. Additionally, optional practical training programs, such as the STEM OPT program, can provide international students with work authorization after graduation, allowing them to gain valuable work experience and support themselves financially. However, it is important to note that work permissions and regulations vary by country, so students should research the specific rules of their intended destination.
Overall, while funding an international education as a US student may pose challenges, a combination of scholarships, loans, and alternative educational options can make studying abroad a feasible and rewarding experience. Proper financial planning and exploring various funding sources can help make this dream a reality.
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Frequently asked questions
There are two non-immigrant visa categories for students wishing to study in the US: F and M visas. F-1 visas are for academic students and M-1 visas are for vocational students.
To maintain student status in the US, you will need a Form I-20 document (F and M visas) or DS-2019 document (J visas) issued by your institution. This allows you to maintain student status even if your visa expires during your studies.
To be eligible for the F-1 visa, you must be enrolled in an academic, language-training, or vocational program. Your school must be approved by the Student and Exchange Visitors Program and authorized by the US government to accept foreign students.
International students in the US face challenges such as complex application processes, high costs, and strict immigration regulations. Driving without a valid license, for example, can lead to deportation. It is important to be aware of your rights and seek legal advice if needed.
