Savanna Hoffman
International students in the United States have been a topic of discussion and debate in recent years. With over 1.1 million international students enrolled in American higher education institutions in 2023-2024, the presence of these students has had a significant impact on the country's economy, culture, and society. International students bring in billions of dollars annually, contribute to local communities, and support American jobs. They also add to cultural exchange and diversity on campuses, although some critics argue that international students tend to cluster together, recreating their home cultures and missing out on the benefits of immersion in American culture. Academic perceptions vary, with international students reporting that U.S. classes are easier and require less time spent on schoolwork compared to their home countries. The presence of international students in American universities is a complex issue, offering both benefits and challenges, and it remains a subject of ongoing discussion and policy consideration.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Number of international students | More than 1,000,000 |
| Percentage of international students in higher-level education | Nearly 5% |
| Number of universities | 5,000 |
| Visa requirements | DS-160, 5x5 cm colour photograph, passport, I-20 form, SEVIS receipt, F-1 visa |
| Visa cost | US$510 |
| Visa duration | Up to 5 months |
| Work allowance | F-1 visa holders can work up to 20 hours a week during their degree programmes and up to 40 hours during term holidays |
| Work location | On-campus |
| Accommodation | On-campus dormitories, off-campus rent, homestay |
| Annual cost of on-campus accommodation | $5,000 to $8,000 |
| Tuition fees | High |
| Financial aid | Need-based financial aid, grants, scholarships |
| Student population characteristics | Diverse cultural, social, and economic backgrounds |
| Social life | Fraternities and sororities, alcohol-free parties, music gigs, student clubs |
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What You'll Learn
Application and acceptance processes
The application process for international students hoping to study in the US can be intimidating and overwhelming. It is a good idea to start the process early and set a schedule. It is important to research the institution and/or program that will best serve your academic and professional goals. You should also consider the social factors, retention rates, diversity, housing, and career development opportunities.
There are different application options available, including early admission, regular admission, rolling admission, and late admission. Early admission allows you to apply earlier in the year and receive an early response, but you must attend that university and withdraw all other applications. Regular admission is the standard option, with applications typically due between November and January. Rolling admission is an ongoing process with no strict deadlines, while late admission is for applications made after the start of the fall semester.
International students are often required to demonstrate English proficiency through tests like IELTS or TOEFL. It is also common to take college entrance exams like the SAT or ACT. These can be taken multiple times and are offered internationally.
Once you have been accepted by a university, you will need to apply for a student visa. The university will provide you with an I-20 or DS-2019 form, which indicates the type of student visa you need. After receiving this form, you can apply for your student visa and complete your visa interview.
There are also financial considerations to keep in mind. While the US government generally does not provide funding for international students, you may qualify for student aid as a non-citizen through FAFSA. US universities also offer a variety of scholarship programs, including merit-based, need-based, and program-specific scholarships. However, not all scholarships are open to non-US citizens, so it is important to carefully check eligibility requirements.
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Student visas
International students who wish to study in the United States must obtain a student visa. The type of student visa depends on the nature of the course and the educational institution. The US government offers three main student visa types: F, J, and M.
F-1 Visa
The F-1 Visa is for international students pursuing full-time academic studies at an accredited US college, university, school, or other academic institution, or in a language training program. To be eligible for an F-1 visa, you must be enrolled in a program or course of study that culminates in a degree, diploma, or certificate, and your school must be authorized by the US government to accept foreign students.
M-1 Visa
The M-1 Visa is for international students pursuing full-time vocational studies or other non-academic programs, excluding language training.
J-1 Visa
The J-1 Visa is for exchange visitors participating in work-and-study-based exchange programs. This includes visiting scholars, camp counselors, au pairs, and research assistants.
Application Process
To apply for a student visa, you must first be accepted by a US institution of higher education that is certified by the Student and Exchange Visitor Program (SEVP). Once accepted, you will receive a Form I-20 or DS-2019, which you must present when applying for your visa. You must also pay the SEVIS I-901 fee and ensure you have all the required documents, such as proof of funds and English proficiency. The next step is to schedule an interview at a US Embassy or Consulate, where a consular officer will determine your eligibility for the visa. It is important to note that a visa does not guarantee entry into the US; it only permits you to seek permission to enter the country upon arrival.
Work Eligibility
Students with F-1, M-1, or J-1 visas may be eligible to work in the US, but employment is typically restricted to on-campus jobs or those related to their area of study. F-1 students may engage in off-campus employment after the first academic year under certain conditions, such as Optional Practical Training (OPT).
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Tuition fees and expenses
Tuition fees are the primary expense for international students in the US. The cost of studying in the US varies depending on the type of university, the kind of degree programme, and the course taken.
Public universities have cheaper tuition rates than private universities. Public universities have two tuition fee rates: one for state residents and one for everyone else. The second, more expensive rate applies equally to applicants from other US states and other countries. The published tuition fees for 2018/19 at state colleges were an average of $10,230 for state residents and $26,290 for everyone else. This compares to an average of $35,830 at private non-profit colleges.
However, at the most prestigious public universities, fees may be just as high as those in the private sector. For example, the University of Michigan estimates fees for new out-of-state students in 2018/19 at $49,350.
Tuition fees at top universities in the US are the same for all domestic and international students. The cost of a master's degree depends on what you are studying. An MBA can be more expensive than a master's degree in another discipline.
On average, tuition fees range from $23,000 to $50,000 per year for international students. The average annual cost for international students across 632 ranked colleges in 2024/25 was about $24,243. International students can tentatively expect a cost of between $25,000 and $45,000 per year, including tuition fees and living expenses.
In addition to tuition fees, international students should budget for living expenses, the cost of travel, health insurance, and other fees. The average cost of living in the United States is roughly $1,500 per month or $18,000 per year. This includes accommodation, meals, transportation, publications, apparel, and leisure activities. If you choose to live on campus, most of these expenses will be included in your residence fees.
International students will also have to pay fees as part of the F-1 student visa application process, including a $200 SEVIS fee and a $160 visa application processing fee. Fluctuations in currency exchange rates can also increase the cost of studying in the US for international students.
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Accommodation and social life
Accommodation is a crucial aspect of international student life in the USA. There are numerous accommodation options available for international students in the USA, each with its own pros and cons. These include on-campus or off-campus dorms, apartments, studios, residences, private rented houses, hostels, family stays, and homestays.
On-campus accommodation is often the most convenient and affordable option for international students. It offers easy access to classes, dining, and recreational facilities, and provides more opportunities for socialising with other students. Many first-year students prefer to live on campus as it helps them to adjust to campus life and make friends. On-campus accommodation may include residence halls, which can be self-catered or standard. Self-catered residence halls have communal kitchens, allowing students to cook their own meals and eat according to their own schedules.
If you choose to live off-campus, you will have the opportunity to explore the local neighbourhood, including cafes, restaurants, and recreational spaces. However, you may need to commute to campus, and your rent may not include utilities. When renting off-campus, it is important to carefully read the lease agreement and be aware of any additional costs, such as utilities and telephone services.
Homestays are another option for international students, especially those under 18 who are nervous about living in a new country. Homestays can help minimise culture shock and provide a friendly and welcoming atmosphere during your transition to a new environment.
Regardless of your accommodation choice, living in a safe, comfortable, and pleasant home environment is essential for your well-being and academic performance.
Developing a social life is an important part of your international student experience in the USA. Socialisation is strongly enforced by schools, families, and peer groups, and it plays a crucial role in your personal development and cultural immersion. When you first arrive on campus, you may notice that people are generally friendly and approachable, greeting strangers with a smile and a "Hi" or "How are you". However, be prepared for the fact that these may not be actual questions, and people may not stop to hear your answer.
Email and the internet have also made it easier and more affordable to connect with others. Computers and internet connections are readily available on most campuses, and email plays a significant role in the social lives of Americans. While it is a great way to stay in touch with friends and family, remember to go out and socialise in person as well, embracing new experiences and developing your "people skills".
Universities in the USA often offer a multitude of student clubs and organisations catering to different interests, providing you with opportunities to pursue extracurricular activities, connect with like-minded individuals, and foster a sense of belonging.
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Employment options
As an international student in the US, you will likely be on an F-1 or M-1 visa. These visas allow you to enter the US as a full-time student at an accredited academic institution, provided you meet certain criteria.
There are several employment options available to international students in the US, including:
On-campus employment
On-campus employment is the most freely available option for international students in the US. This includes any form of employment that is available within your university's departments and/or facilities. While on-campus jobs may not always be related to your studies, they typically offer flexible schedules that can accommodate your classes and other academic commitments. However, on-campus employment opportunities are often limited, and you may need to obtain permission from your International Student Office before accepting any on-campus job.
Off-campus employment
After the first academic year, F-1 students may engage in off-campus employment, provided it is related to their area of study and has been authorized by the Designated School Official and USCIS. There are several categories of off-campus employment, including:
- Curricular Practical Training (CPT): This option is available when practical training is an integral part of the established curriculum or academic program. CPT employment can include internships, cooperative education, or any other type of required internship or practicum offered by sponsoring employers through cooperative agreements with the school. To qualify, the work experience must be required for your degree or academic credit must be awarded. Prior authorization by your school's International Student Office and notification to USCIS are required.
- Optional Practical Training (OPT): OPT is an off-campus employment opportunity that allows international students to gain hands-on experience aligned with their academic degree program. OPT can be pursued while studying and after graduation, and all OPT employment requires prior authorization from USCIS and your school's International Student Office. You can apply for OPT after being enrolled for at least 9 months, but you cannot begin employment until you receive your Employment Authorization Document (EAD).
- Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) OPT Extension: F-1 students in STEM fields may be eligible to work off-campus through this program.
It is important to note that the availability and eligibility requirements for these employment options may vary, and international students should consult with their school's International Student Office or a Designated School Official to ensure they comply with all regulations.
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Frequently asked questions
You will need either an F or M visa. F-1 visas are for academic students and allow you to enter as a full-time student at an accredited college, university, school, or other academic institution. M-1 visas are for vocational students and include students in vocational or other non-academic programs.
You must be enrolled in a program or course of study that will award a degree, diploma, or certificate. Your school must be authorized by the US government to accept foreign students, and you must be enrolled as a full-time student. You must also be proficient in English and have sufficient funds to support yourself throughout your studies.
You must be enrolled in a vocational or other non-academic program. Your school must be approved by the Student and Exchange Visitors Program, Immigration & Customs Enforcement, and you must be enrolled as a full-time student. You must also be proficient in English and have sufficient funds to support yourself throughout your studies.
The US has the world's largest international student population, with more than 1 million international students hosted by US higher education institutions. The US offers a balance of quality degree programs, a lower cost of living, safe neighborhoods, and access to local businesses that hire young talent. The US is also a large and diverse country, with each state offering a unique culture, climate, history, and economy.
You should consider factors such as the location, climate, tests required, costs, scholarships, international student services, campus facilities, and internships and job placement rates. You can also attend college fairs or virtual webinars to meet university representatives and decide which school is right for you.
