Lori Meadows
The term landed immigrant was used in Canada before 2002 to describe a legal resident who could live and work in the country on a permanent basis without Canadian citizenship. The term is no longer used, and such individuals are now referred to as permanent residents. International students can become landed immigrants, and there are several advantages to this pathway, such as younger age, Canadian educational qualifications, and proficiency in one of the official languages.
Characteristics of international students who become landed immigrants in Canada:
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Number of international students in Canada between 1990 and 1994 | 158,000 (an annual average of 31,000) |
| Number of temporary foreign residents who obtained a study permit between 1990 and 2014 and became permanent residents by 2014 | 270,000 (19%) |
| Advantages of landed immigrants who first arrive in Canada as international students | Enter Canada at a relatively young age; their Canadian educational qualifications are easily understood by Canadian employers; they tend to be more proficient in one of the official languages |
| Labour market outcomes of international students who become landed immigrants vary across | Education level, language ability and source region |
| Majority of international students resided in | Ontario, British Columbia and Quebec, particularly in the metropolitan areas of Toronto, Vancouver and Montreal |
| Landed Immigrant Status in Canada | First step to becoming a Canadian Citizen |
| Permanent residents | Enjoy many of the same benefits that Canadian citizens do, e.g. right to live in Canada, travel to and from the country, hold jobs, study, move and get health care |
| Permanent resident status | Must be approved by the Immigration and Refugee Board |
| Permanent residents must | Pay taxes owed at the federal, provincial and municipal levels |
| Permanent residents may | Live outside of the country but must reside in Canada for at least two years in a five-year period |
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What You'll Learn
International students can become landed immigrants in Canada
International students who become landed immigrants enter Canada at a relatively young age and have Canadian educational qualifications that are easily understood by Canadian employers. They also tend to be more proficient in one of the official languages.
There are many pathways for international students to become landed immigrants in Canada. One way is through the Express Entry program, which is an online immigration application system. This program is points-based, and candidates accumulate points based on language skills, work experience, age, education, and whether they have a job offer. Top-ranked candidates receive priority in receiving an invitation to apply for permanent residence.
Another way for international students to become landed immigrants is by first obtaining a study permit and then seeking work opportunities to acquire the skilled work experience required to apply for permanent residence. This pathway was facilitated by Citizenship and Immigration Canada (CIC) in the late 2000s.
It is worth noting that permanent residents in Canada must pay taxes owed at the federal, provincial, and municipal levels, and on their worldwide income. They also need to reside in Canada for at least two years in a five-year period to maintain their permanent resident status.
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The term landed immigrant is no longer used in Canada
The term "landed immigrant" was used before 2002 to describe a legal resident of Canada who could live and work in the country on a permanent basis without having Canadian citizenship. The term "landed immigrant" is no longer used in Canada. Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada (IRCC) replaced it with permanent resident status to describe what was previously called a "landed immigrant."
Permanent resident status (PR), previously known as Canadian landed immigrant status, grants individuals the right to live in Canada, travel to and from the country, work, study, move freely, and access healthcare, among other privileges. To apply for permanent resident status, eligibility must first be established. Canadian residents do not have the same rights and privileges as Canadian citizens. They are not entitled to a Canadian passport, for example, and they must meet a physical presence requirement to maintain their status.
International students who become landed immigrants have certain advantages over other immigrants. They tend to enter Canada at a younger age, and their Canadian educational qualifications are more easily understood by Canadian employers. They also tend to be more proficient in one of the official languages.
There are many pathways to immigrate to Canada, including for self-employed individuals, entrepreneurs, and skilled workers. The Express Entry program is an online immigration application system that offers faster processing times for candidates applying through the Federal Skilled Worker program, the Federal Skilled Trades program, and various Provincial Nominee programs.
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Permanent residents in Canada have similar rights as citizens
The term "landed immigrant" was used in Canada before 2002 to describe a legal resident who could live and work in the country indefinitely but did not hold Canadian citizenship. The term has since been replaced by "permanent resident", which is granted to individuals who have immigrated to Canada and intend to stay there permanently. Permanent residents are not Canadian citizens but enjoy many of the same benefits.
Permanent residents do not have the right to vote or hold certain political positions, and they do not have a Canadian passport. When travelling, they must carry a valid PR card or a Permanent Resident Travel Document (PRTD) along with their passport from their country of citizenship. To become a Canadian citizen, a permanent resident must meet residency, tax, and other eligibility requirements.
In summary, while permanent residents in Canada enjoy many of the same rights as citizens, there are some key differences in terms of legal status, protections, and opportunities. Permanent residents do not have the same voting rights or ability to hold political office, and they must maintain their residency status, whereas citizens do not have these restrictions.
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Canada has many pathways for international students to immigrate
International students can apply for a Study Permit and gain Canadian experience through a Post-Graduation Work Permit, which authorizes them to work in Canada and gain valuable work experience. Many of Canada's permanent residency immigration programs favour applicants with a connection to the country, such as ties to a specific province, Canadian work experience, or a Canadian educational credential.
One pathway to permanent residence is the Express Entry program, a federal system for managing permanent resident applications. It is a points-based system that ranks candidates based on language skills, work experience, age, education, and whether they have a job offer. The Canadian Experience Class (CEC) program, operated through Express Entry, is one of the fastest ways to obtain permanent residence. It considers factors such as age, language proficiency, and level of education.
Another pathway is the Federal Skilled Worker (FSW) program, a merit-based immigration program that uses a points-based Comprehensive Ranking System (CRS) score to rank candidates. The FSW program requires applicants to prove a minimum of 12 months of full-time skilled work experience or an equivalent amount of part-time experience.
Additionally, each of Canada's provinces and territories has its own immigration programs, called Provincial Nominee Programs (PNPs), which allow provinces to nominate candidates based on local labour market needs. These programs often target skilled workers, entrepreneurs, and specific occupations. For example, the Atlantic Immigration Program covers the four Atlantic provinces and has spaces for skilled worker and international graduate immigrants.
Canada also offers pathways for self-employed individuals and entrepreneurs to immigrate, such as the Start-Up Visa Program, which fast-tracks immigration for entrepreneurs with a qualifying business and support from a designated organization.
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International students in Canada may seek work opportunities
International students in Canada on a valid study permit are generally allowed to work off-campus without a work permit, provided they meet certain requirements. These include being a full-time student at a designated learning institution (DLI), being in the last semester of their study program, and not requiring a full course load to complete their program. Students must ensure they comply with the conditions of their study permit, as working without authorization can result in losing their student status and even removal from the country.
To work on or off-campus, international students must have a valid study permit that includes authorization to work in Canada. Additionally, they must be enrolled in an academic, vocational, or professional training program lasting at least six months and leading to a degree, diploma, or certificate. Students are advised to refer to the requirements outlined by Immigration, Refugees, and Citizenship Canada (IRCC) and consult with an International Student Advisor (ISA) to ensure they comply with all necessary regulations.
The labour market outcomes for international students who become landed immigrants can vary based on factors such as education level, language ability, and source region. However, international students who first arrive in Canada as students have certain advantages. They tend to be younger, possess Canadian educational qualifications that are easily understood by employers, and often have stronger proficiency in one of the official languages. These factors can facilitate their integration into the Canadian labour market and make them attractive candidates for permanent residence.
International students in Canada seeking work opportunities should be mindful of the regulations and requirements governing their student status and employment authorization. By adhering to these guidelines, they can legally work in the country, gain valuable experience, and enhance their prospects for permanent residence or future career endeavours.
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Frequently asked questions
A landed immigrant is a term used to describe a legal resident of Canada who can work and live in the country on a permanent basis but who does not have Canadian citizenship. The term is no longer used and has been replaced by the term permanent resident status (PR).
Yes, international students can become landed immigrants in Canada. Between 1990 and 2014, more than 270,000 international students became permanent residents. International students who become landed immigrants have some advantages over other immigrants, such as entering Canada at a relatively young age and having Canadian educational qualifications that are easily understood by Canadian employers.
Landed immigrants in Canada have many of the same benefits as Canadian citizens. They can live in Canada, travel to and from the country, hold jobs, study, move, and get healthcare, among other privileges. They also do not need to pay taxes on their existing assets prior to obtaining permanent residence.
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