Lana Oconnell
International students face a variety of challenges, from visa requirements and language barriers to financial constraints and cultural differences. They contribute significantly to the economies of their host countries and gain valuable skills in return. International students can seek support from their respective colleges and universities, which often offer resources and services tailored to their unique needs. These students can also benefit from part-time jobs, allowing them to earn money, meet people, and develop professional skills. Additionally, international students can access tools and centres that provide guidance on topics such as essay writing, resume building, insurance plans, and loan options.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Visa requirements | International students are usually required to obtain a student visa to study in a foreign country. The specific visa category may depend on the country of study and the student's enrolment status. |
| Language proficiency | International students may need to demonstrate proficiency in the local language, such as English, through language tests or by enrolling in courses leading to language proficiency. |
| Academic requirements | Foreign students typically need to meet academic requirements, such as providing transcripts and test scores, to gain admission to colleges and universities. |
| Financial considerations | International students are generally expected to pay their tuition and living expenses. While government funding may not be available, some countries offer student aid or loans specifically for international students. |
| Employment opportunities | Part-time jobs are often an option for international students, providing a source of income and a way to meet people. In some countries, work authorization and visa status may impact the availability of off-campus employment. |
| Cultural challenges | Language barriers and cultural differences can pose challenges for international students, impacting their social life and academic studies. |
| Support services | Many countries and educational institutions offer support services specifically for international students, including assistance with the application process, campus tours, and guidance on practical matters such as health insurance. |
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What You'll Learn
- International students in the UK: visas, accommodation, and part-time jobs
- International students in the US: visas, fees, and employment
- International students in Canada: top sending countries and language requirements
- International student pathway programs: easing the transition
- Resume and essay writing for international students
International students in the UK: visas, accommodation, and part-time jobs
Visas
Most international students need a student visa to study in the UK. The type of visa you need depends on the length of your course. If you are 16 or over and want to study a course at a higher education level in the UK lasting longer than six months, you will most likely need to apply for a student visa through the Student Route. This costs £524 per applicant. From 31 December 2024, physical Biometric Residence Permits (BRPs) will no longer be valid, and you will need to create a UK Visas and Immigration (UKVI) account.
Accommodation
There are two main types of accommodation for international students in the UK: student housing and private housing. Student housing is arranged by your college or university and is normally in large halls of residence. If you plan to live in student housing, you must apply for your accommodation before you come to the UK. For private housing, it is usually recommended to arrange it once you are in the UK.
Part-time jobs
Many international students in the UK take on part-time jobs, work placements, or internships alongside their studies. You will need to check your visa and the rules of your university to see if there are any restrictions on the type of work or the number of hours you can work. For most courses, you will be allowed to work for up to 20 hours per week during term time.
Universities often offer on-campus job opportunities, which are normally part-time roles in shops, cafes, bars, events, or student support. There are also plenty of off-campus job options to explore, such as casual work in hospitality, retail, or events, as well as seasonal work during holiday periods.
It is important to note that if you are a part-time student, you cannot work. Additionally, you cannot set up your own business or be self-employed (freelance), and you cannot be a professional sportsperson or entertainer.
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International students in the US: visas, fees, and employment
International students in the US must obtain a student visa, either an F or M visa, to enrol in an academic or language-training programme. The F-1 visa is for academic coursework, while the M-1 visa is for vocational or non-academic studies. The visa application process involves an interview with a consular officer, who will take your ink-free, digital fingerprint scans. After the interview, your application may require further administrative processing, and if approved, you may need to pay a visa issuance fee. It's important to note that a visa does not guarantee entry into the US, and you should not make travel plans until you have received your visa.
The cost of studying in the US for international students can be significant. It can vary depending on factors such as the type of degree and institution, ranging from $10,000 to $55,000 per year. For instance, community college education can cost between $6,000 and $20,000 per year, while a bachelor's degree can range from $20,000 to $40,000 per year. International students should also consider the cost of health insurance, which is mandatory for those entering the US on a J visa and can cost between $700 and $1,000 per school year.
International students on certain visas may be permitted to work while studying in the US, provided they adhere to specific guidelines. For instance, students on F-1 and M-1 visas can engage in off-campus employment, but it must be related to their area of study and authorised by the Designated School Official and USCIS before starting work. Additionally, during the school year, students can typically work up to 20 hours per week and full-time during the summer break.
To manage the costs of studying in the US, international students can explore various options such as utilising personal savings, seeking family financial support, applying for grants and scholarships, or taking out international student loans. Planning and budgeting are essential, as the costs of living and studying in the US can be substantial.
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International students in Canada: top sending countries and language requirements
International students are a significant contributor to Canada's economy, with their expenditures increasing from $12.8 billion in 2015 to $15.5 billion in 2016. In 2023, Canada had 1,040,985 international students, a 29% increase from 2022, and some sources estimate the true number could be as high as two million.
Canada's popularity as a study destination for international students is due to several factors. Firstly, it has a reputation as a safe, tolerant, and multicultural country that values diversity. Secondly, the federal government has made it easier for international students to obtain permanent residency, allowing them to stay and work after graduation. Additionally, Canadian educational institutes have offered English as a Second Language (ESL) programs to attract more international students.
The top-sending countries for international students to Canada have primarily been from Asia. In 2022, 100,010 international students in Canada were from China. Other significant sending countries include India, whose students have become increasingly influential in Canada, and Pakistan, as acknowledged by Queen Elizabeth II in 1959.
To cater to the increasing number of international students, Canada has implemented new policies. Starting November 1, 2024, mandatory language proficiency tests will be required for Post-Graduation Work Permit (PGWP) applicants. University graduates must achieve a Canadian Language Benchmark (CLB) 7, while college graduates must attain CLB 5. These changes aim to improve the integration of international graduates into the Canadian workforce and address labour market needs.
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International student pathway programs: easing the transition
International students can face a variety of challenges when transitioning to a new country for their studies. Language barriers, unfamiliarity with the local culture, lack of support groups, and difficulties in academic studies are some of the common issues they may encounter. To ease this transition, many universities offer international student pathway programs that provide support and resources to help international students succeed.
One example of a university with a comprehensive pathway program is Cleveland State University, which offers the Cleveland State Global program. This program is designed to help international students navigate their first year at the university, which is often the most challenging. Through this program, students gain access to a wide range of undergraduate degree programs and partnerships with various institutions, setting them up for success in their global workforce.
Another effective pathway program is the UOP International pathway program, which grants international students access to exclusive programs and services. These programs are tailored to meet the unique needs of international students, helping them to grow, learn, and thrive in their new academic environment.
Pathway programs can also assist international students in navigating the complex visa and immigration processes. For instance, students planning to study in the United States need to obtain either an F-1 or M-1 visa, which requires enrollment in an approved academic or vocational program, proficiency in English, sufficient funds, and maintaining a residence abroad. International student pathway programs can guide students through these requirements, making their transition smoother.
Additionally, these programs can help international students secure part-time employment, which is a great way to earn extra money, meet new people, and build professional skills. However, international students must follow certain rules and restrictions regarding employment, and pathway programs can inform them about their specific visa category's permissions and limitations. Overall, international student pathway programs play a crucial role in easing the transition for international students, providing them with the necessary tools and resources to excel in their academic pursuits and adapt to their new cultural environment.
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Resume and essay writing for international students
As an international student, you may have to navigate additional challenges when it comes to writing resumes and essays for applications or jobs in your host country. Here are some tips to help you with these tasks.
Resume Writing
Your resume is often your first impression on potential employers, so it is important to make sure it stands out. Here are some tips to help you write a compelling resume:
- Choose a suitable template: Opt for a simple, professional template that allows your qualifications and experience to shine through. Google and Microsoft Word offer a variety of resume templates to choose from.
- Consistency is key: Maintain consistency in the style and format you choose. Whether you prefer using bullet points or short paragraphs, ensure that you use the same format throughout your resume.
- Start with a strong summary: Begin your resume with a concise summary of who you are, your professional track, and why you are qualified for the position. Think of this as a mini cover letter.
- Quantify your experience: Whenever possible, quantify your experience to give recruiters a concrete sense of your accomplishments. For example, instead of simply mentioning an internship, add details such as the number of people you assisted or any significant contributions you made.
- Highlight relevant skills: If you are applying for an entry-level position or have limited work experience, focus on transferable skills gained through internships, volunteer work, research projects, or extracurricular activities. Leadership positions or team sports can showcase your ability to collaborate and lead.
- Address employment gaps: If you have taken time off, be honest and briefly explain any substantial employment gaps. Highlight any productive activities or skills gained during that time, such as online workshops, certifications, or personal projects.
- Emphasize education: As a student, your educational qualifications are a significant part of your resume. Include your school's name, your major, and your GPA. If you have received any scholarships, awards, or accolades, be sure to list them.
- Include optional sections: Adding optional sections, such as certifications, volunteer work, languages, or awards, can help your resume stand out and showcase additional strengths.
Essay Writing
Writing essays, especially in a second language, can be challenging. Here are some tips to improve your essay-writing skills:
- Understand the prompt: Before you begin writing, ensure that you thoroughly understand the essay prompt or question. Break it down into its key components and define the topic.
- Create an outline: Develop an essay outline that includes a clear thesis statement and logical paragraph structure. This will help you organize your ideas and ensure your essay flows smoothly.
- Focus on quality: When writing, concentrate on the quality of your content rather than the quantity. Ensure that your sentences are concise and coherent, and avoid adding unnecessary words that may confuse the reader.
- Revise and edit: After writing your first draft, carefully revise and edit your essay. Read it aloud to identify any awkward phrases or logical inconsistencies. Don't be afraid to ask for help from a writing coach or academic advisor if needed.
- Practice makes perfect: Essay writing is a skill that develops with practice. The more essays you write, the more comfortable and confident you will become in your abilities.
Additional Resources
International students can also benefit from utilizing resources such as the Study Abroad Resource Center, which provides comprehensive advice for students studying in the USA, UK, and Australia. Additionally, platforms like UCAS offer valuable information for students considering studying in the UK, including insights on visa requirements, application processes, and finding accommodation.
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Frequently asked questions
You will need a student visa and basic knowledge of immigration rules. You must also prove that you have the necessary level of English.
International students can get financial support through international student loans, which do not require a cosigner. Refugees, asylum seekers, and those with limited leave to remain in the UK may also be eligible for support.
International students in the US can work off-campus in a limited set of circumstances. F-1 students, for example, may not work off-campus during their first academic year, but may accept on-campus employment. After the first year, they may engage in off-campus employment, including in some cases an Optional Practical Training Extension.
International students can prepare for their time in a new country by researching the education system, the culture, and the climate. They can also prepare by visiting the campus and attending events to get insights from staff and students. International students should also ensure they have reliable health insurance to cover any unforeseen medical bills.
