Janice Lozano
After completing an OPT program, international students should receive an Employment Authorization Document (EAD) from the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS). This document allows students to work, intern, or volunteer in the U.S. within their field of study. Students must not begin working before the start date on the EAD and must keep the card in a safe place. Additionally, international students on an F-1 visa should be aware of travel restrictions and requirements, especially if they plan to exit the United States after their program completion. If students wish to extend their OPT period, they may be eligible for an additional 12-month period by enrolling in a higher-level degree program or a 24-month extension for certain STEM fields.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| OPT application time frame | Apply up to 90 days before and up to 60 days after your expected program completion date |
| OPT extension | Students with a STEM degree can apply for a 24-month extension |
| OPT employment | Students must not begin working before the start date on the EAD |
| OPT employment authorization | Students can accrue no more than 90 days of unemployment during the 12-month OPT period |
| OPT employment type | Students can work, intern, or volunteer in the U.S. |
| OPT employment restrictions | Employment must be directly related to the student's program of study |
| OPT application requirements | Students must obtain the OPT recommendation from their school on page 2 of their Form I-20 |
| OPT application process | First, apply to the school for an OPT recommendation on the I-20 form. Then, submit an OPT application packet, including a signed copy of the OPT I-20, to USCIS |
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What You'll Learn
Apply for a STEM extension
If you have earned a degree in certain Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) fields, you may be eligible for a 24-month STEM OPT extension. This is an extension of the standard 12-month OPT program, which allows international students on F-1 visas to gain professional experience in their field of study. The STEM OPT extension was increased from 17 months to 24 months in 2016 and is only available to graduates, not current students.
To be eligible for the STEM OPT extension, you must:
- Be an F-1 student who has earned a bachelor's, master's, or doctoral degree from a U.S. institution that is accredited and certified by the Student and Exchange Visitor Program (SEVP) at the time of your application.
- Have received a STEM degree that is included on the STEM Designated Degree Program List.
- Be employed by an employer enrolled in and using E-Verify, with a valid Employer Identification Number (EIN) issued by the IRS for tax purposes.
- Have received an initial grant of post-completion OPT employment authorization based on your STEM degree.
If you meet the above criteria, you can apply for the STEM OPT extension by following these steps:
- Contact your college's Designated School Official (DSO) and request a recommendation for the STEM OPT extension. The DSO will endorse your Form I-20 and make the appropriate notation in the Student and Exchange Visitor Information System (SEVIS).
- Complete Form I-765, "Application for Employment Authorization," and submit it to the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Service (USCIS) within 30 days of receiving your DSO recommendation. You must also pay the $410 fee to USCIS online.
- If your STEM OPT extension application is approved, you will receive an Employment Authorization Document (EAD) from USCIS. This document allows you to work on OPT or STEM OPT, so keep it in a safe place.
- During your STEM OPT extension, you must work at least 20 hours per week, and your employment must be directly related to your STEM degree.
- Your employer must report any changes to your employment, including termination or departure, to the DSO within 5 business days.
It is important to note that you cannot apply for a STEM OPT extension during the 60-day grace period following your initial period of regular post-completion OPT. Additionally, if you transfer to another school or begin a new academic program at a higher level, your authorization for OPT employment will automatically terminate.
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Apply for a job
Applying for jobs after completing an OPT program can be a daunting task, but there are several resources available to help international students find employment. Here are some detailed steps to guide you through the process:
Prepare your documents:
Before starting your job search, ensure that you have all the necessary documents in order. This includes your resume or CV, which should be tailored to the jobs you are applying for and highlight your skills and experiences relevant to the position. Additionally, international students may need to provide proof of their legal status, such as a visa or work permit, and any other relevant certifications or qualifications.
Use job portals:
There are job portals specifically designed to help international students find OPT jobs, such as OPTnation. These portals allow you to search for jobs based on your field of study, preferred location, and other criteria. They also offer additional services like resume marketing and career counselling, which can enhance your job application process.
Network and seek support:
Building a professional network can be beneficial for finding job opportunities. Attend industry events, join professional organizations, and utilize social media platforms like LinkedIn to connect with potential employers and other professionals in your field. Your university's career services or alumni network may also be able to provide support and resources for your job search.
Understand visa requirements:
As an international student, it is crucial to understand the visa requirements for working in the country. Research the specific rules and regulations regarding employment on a student visa, including any restrictions on working hours or the type of employment allowed. This will help ensure that you maintain your legal status while working.
Apply for jobs:
Once you have prepared your documents and researched the job market, it's time to start applying for jobs. Create a list of target companies and positions that align with your skills and interests. Carefully review the job descriptions and tailor your resume and cover letter to highlight how your skills and experiences match the requirements of each role.
When applying for jobs, be proactive and persistent. Don't be discouraged if you don't hear back from every application. Stay organized by tracking your applications and following up when appropriate. Remember that the job search process can take time, so be patient and don't be afraid to seek feedback to improve your applications.
In conclusion, finding a job after completing an OPT program requires a well-prepared strategy and persistence. By following these steps and utilizing the available resources, international students can increase their chances of securing meaningful employment.
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Apply for a social security number
A Social Security Number (SSN) is a 9-digit employee identification number issued by the U.S. Social Security Administration (SSA). It is required by the U.S. government for tax and employment reporting purposes.
If you are an international student who has completed the OPT program, you may be eligible for a Social Security Number. To apply, you must carefully follow the steps outlined below:
Step 1: Check Eligibility
Firstly, ensure that you meet the eligibility criteria for an SSN. This typically includes having valid immigration documents, such as a valid passport, Form I-20 or DS-2019, and an I-94 card or electronic I-94 notation. F-1 students must also provide evidence of lawful employment, such as an on-campus job or authorization for Curricular Practical Training (CPT) or Optional Practical Training (OPT).
Step 2: Timing of Application
It is recommended that you do not apply for an SSN more than 30 days before the start of your employment or the beginning date on your Employment Authorization (EAD) card. Applications submitted too early may be rejected by the Social Security Administration.
Step 3: Gather Required Documents
You will need to submit various documents as part of your SSN application. These typically include your unexpired EAD card, valid passport, and other immigration documents mentioned in Step 1. Additionally, you may require a campus employment letter from your university's hiring department and an SSN Support letter, which can be requested through MyISSS.
Step 4: Submit Application
Complete the social security application online. You can find the application form on the Social Security Administration's website.
Step 5: Visit a Local SSA Office
After submitting your application online, visit your nearest Social Security Administration office to show them your documents in person. Remember to bring all the required documents mentioned in Step 3.
Step 6: Await Processing
Once your application is accepted, you will receive a receipt confirming your application. You can expect to receive your SSN within 4-6 weeks, although processing times may vary.
Please note that having an SSN does not grant you legal authorization to work in the U.S. Ensure that you have the necessary work permits or authorizations before commencing employment.
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Maintain your F-1 status
Maintaining your F-1 status after completing your OPT program can be a complex process, and it is important to follow the rules to avoid consequences such as removal from the country and re-entry bars. Here are some key points to help you maintain your F-1 status:
Do Not Begin Work Without Authorization:
You must not start working until your OPT application has been approved and you have received your Employment Authorization Document (EAD). Working without authorization is a serious violation and can result in removal from the country.
Work Must Be Related to Your Field of Study:
Your employment while on OPT must be directly related to your major field of study. This means that you should be able to connect your job to the core classes for the degree you completed.
Timely Filing and Grace Period:
If you have timely filed your OPT application and received an I-797 receipt notice from USCIS, you may remain in the United States while awaiting a decision, even after your 60-day grace period ends.
Unemployment Limit:
If you are nearing your 90th day of unemployment while on OPT, it is important to take action. You should either plan to depart the United States, apply for a change of status, or prepare to begin a new degree program. SEVP will automatically terminate your SEVIS record if you reach 90 days of unemployment, which will end your OPT authorization.
STEM Extensions:
If you have earned a degree in certain STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) fields, you may be eligible for a 24-month extension of your post-completion OPT. To qualify, you must meet specific requirements, including being employed by an employer enrolled in E-Verify and receiving an initial grant of post-completion OPT based on your STEM degree.
F-1 Visa Stamp:
It can be challenging to apply for an F-1 visa stamp while on OPT. If your visa stamp is expiring soon, discuss your travel plans with an international student advisor before you leave the country.
Maintain Student Status:
Even though you may no longer be a student, you are still considered to have F-1 status. This means that you must comply with all requirements for maintaining your student status, such as not working on a terminated EAD.
Remember, these are general guidelines, and you should refer to official government sources and seek advice from designated school officials (DSOs) for the most accurate and up-to-date information regarding your specific situation.
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Plan your OPT timeline
Planning your OPT timeline is crucial to ensure you don't miss any deadlines or opportunities. Here is a step-by-step guide to help you plan:
Understand OPT Requirements and Eligibility:
Before planning your timeline, ensure you understand the requirements and eligibility criteria for OPT. OPT stands for Optional Practical Training, and it allows international students on an F-1 visa to gain practical work experience in their field of study. To be eligible, you must have been enrolled full-time for at least one academic year and maintain your F-1 status. Additionally, check if your degree falls under STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) fields, as this may make you eligible for a 24-month OPT extension.
Decide on Pre-completion or Post-completion OPT:
OPT can be undertaken before or after completing your degree. Pre-completion OPT allows you to work part-time (20 hours or less per week) during the school term and full-time when school is not in session. Post-completion OPT, on the other hand, requires you to work a minimum of 20 hours per week, either part-time or full-time. Decide which option aligns with your academic and career goals.
Determine Application Timeline:
The OPT application process has specific time frames. You can apply for OPT up to 90 days before your expected program completion date and no later than 60 days after your program end date. Keep in mind that you must receive approval and a signed OPT recommendation from your Designated School Official (DSO) before submitting your online OPT application. The DSO will endorse your Form I-20, which is crucial for your application.
Prepare and Submit OPT Application:
Carefully review the OPT tutorial provided by your school to understand the application process thoroughly. Each school may have slightly different procedures, so ensure you follow the guidelines provided by your Designated School Official (DSO). Gather all the required documents, including your Form I-20 with the OPT recommendation, and submit your OPT application packet to the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS).
Wait for USCIS Processing:
The USCIS authorization process can take approximately three months but may vary, and USCIS must receive your application within 30 days of your DSO's OPT recommendation. Consider opting for USCIS Premium Processing if you are concerned about long processing times. Once your OPT is approved, USCIS will issue an Employment Authorization Document (EAD), which is your official work permit.
Start Your OPT Employment:
You cannot begin working before the start date on your EAD card. Once you receive your EAD and reach the documented start date, you may commence your OPT employment. Remember that your employment must be directly related to your major field of study. Additionally, if you plan to travel outside the United States during your OPT, you may need to request a travel signature every six months to maintain your F-1 status upon your return.
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Frequently asked questions
First, you must apply to your Designated School Official (DSO) for an OPT recommendation on your I-20 form. Then, you must submit an OPT application packet, including a signed copy of your OPT I-20, to the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Service (USCIS).
To be eligible for OPT, students must be in full-time F-1 status for at least one academic year, be seeking employment in their major field of study, be physically present in the United States at the time of application, and not have used more than one year of full-time Curricular Practical Training (CPT) during their current degree level.
You can apply for OPT up to 90 days before your expected program completion date and up to 60 days after your expected program completion date. Applying early increases your chances of being able to reapply if your application is rejected or denied.
If you receive an RFE, a returned application, or a denied application, contact your International Student Services (ISS) office immediately.
Once your OPT is approved, you will receive an Employment Authorization Document (EAD) from USCIS. You must not begin working before the start date on the EAD. You will also need to set up your Student and Exchange Visitor Program (SEVP) portal and keep your EAD card in a safe place.
