Lana Oconnell
International students can expect a variety of experiences and challenges when studying abroad. The USA, for example, has the largest international student population in the world, with over 1 million students choosing to broaden their education and life experiences. International students in the US are considered non-immigrants and must adhere to specific rules to remain in the country legally. Before arriving, students must obtain a student visa, travel essentials, and sufficient funds for their stay. They may also need to purchase international student insurance and set up affordable communication plans. During their studies, international students may face challenges such as adapting to a new culture, managing finances, and navigating part-time work options. Similar considerations apply to international students in other countries, such as the UK, Canada, and Australia, where English language proficiency, visa requirements, and cultural adjustments may vary.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| International student population in the USA | More than 1,000,000 |
| Percentage of international students in the USA | Nearly 5% of all students enrolled in higher-level education |
| International students in the United States are considered | Nonimmigrants |
| US Department of Homeland Security categories | F-1 nonimmigrant, F-2 nonimmigrant, M-1 nonimmigrant, M-2 nonimmigrant |
| F-1 nonimmigrant | An international student in the United States to pursue a full course of academic or professional study (including a language training program) at an SEVP-certified school |
| F-2 nonimmigrant | A foreign national who is the spouse or qualifying child of an F-1 student |
| M-1 nonimmigrant | An international student in the United States to pursue a full course of study at an SEVP-certified vocational or other recognized non-academic institution |
| M-2 nonimmigrant | A foreign national who is the spouse or qualifying child of an M-1 student |
| Visa requirements for international students in the UK | Student visa and basic knowledge of immigration |
| Visa requirements for international students in the USA | Student visa |
| Student visa application process for the USA | Apply at a U.S. embassy or consulate after being accepted to an SEVP-certified school and paying the I-901 SEVIS Fee |
| International student health insurance | It is important to find a reliable health insurance plan to cover any unforeseen medical bills |
| International student air travel | Traveling can be expensive; discounted student airfare prices can help reduce costs |
| International student finances | International students in the USA may qualify for student aid as a non-citizen through the Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA); in the UK, student finance is available for refugees, asylum seekers, and those with limited leave to remain |
| International student work opportunities | In the UK, international students can work part-time to earn extra money, meet new people, and build professional skills; in the USA, international students may be able to work while studying, depending on their visa status |
| International student support | Universities in the USA and UK offer support and resources specifically for international students, including pathway programs to ease the transition |
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What You'll Learn
Student visas and immigration
As an international student, you will need to obtain a student visa to study in a foreign country. The type of visa you will need depends on the country you plan to study in, the type of school you will be attending, and the nature of your course of study. Let's take the example of the United States, one of the most popular destinations for international students, to understand the student visa process in detail.
The United States has three primary types of student visas: F, J, and M. Each visa type has specific requirements, benefits, and limitations.
F-1 Student Visa:
The F-1 visa is the most common type of student visa for international students pursuing academic studies at accredited colleges, universities, or English language institutes in the US. To qualify for this visa, you must be enrolled full-time in an academic or language-training program, demonstrate English proficiency or be enrolled in courses leading to proficiency, have sufficient funds to support yourself during your studies, and maintain a residence abroad with no intention of giving up that residence. F-1 visa holders can work part-time (up to 20 hours per week) on-campus and may be eligible for Optional Practical Training (OPT) after graduation for up to one year.
J-1 Exchange Visa:
The J-1 visa is for foreign nationals participating in work-and-study-based exchange programs, including high school and university studies. Examples include visiting scholars, camp counselors, au pairs, and research assistants. J-1 visa holders must contact their responsible officer to determine if they are eligible to work outside their program of study.
M-1 Student Visa:
The M-1 visa is for international students pursuing non-academic or vocational studies in the US. While similar to the F-1 visa in terms of requirements, the M-1 visa has more limitations when it comes to eligibility and employment. M-1 visa holders cannot work on-campus or take part in OPT.
Application Process:
To apply for a student visa in the US, you must first be accepted by a Student and Exchange Visitor Program (SEVP)-approved school. Once accepted, you will receive a Form I-20 and register in the Student and Exchange Visitor Information System (SEVIS). You will then need to pay the SEVIS I-901 fee and apply for your visa at a US Embassy or Consulate. During your visa interview, you must present your Form I-20 to the consular officer.
It is important to note that the US Department of State manages the initial visa application process, while the Department of Homeland Security is responsible for granting entry into the country and enforcing immigration regulations affecting international students.
Additionally, if your plans change while in the US (e.g., you marry a US citizen or receive a job offer), you may be able to request a change in your nonimmigrant status through US Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS).
In summary, obtaining a student visa is a crucial step for international students wishing to study in the United States. The process involves careful planning, meeting specific requirements, and navigating immigration regulations.
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Student finances and expenses
As an international student, managing finances can be challenging. However, with careful planning and budgeting, you can ensure financial stability during your studies. Here are some essential tips and strategies for managing your finances and expenses as an international student:
Understanding Income and Expenses
Firstly, it is crucial to understand your sources of income and expenses. Your income may include scholarships, grants, tuition fees paid by sponsors, part-time employment, or personal savings. Record all your regular monthly expenses, such as rent, bills, food, transportation, and subscriptions. This will give you an idea of your average monthly expenses.
Budgeting
Creating a budget is a powerful tool for managing your finances. Develop a detailed monthly budget that outlines your income, expenses, and any upcoming financial obligations. A budget helps you track your income and expenses, ensuring that you know where your money is going. Compare your income and expenses to understand how much money you have left after covering all your necessary payments.
Choosing a Bank Account
Select a bank account that offers benefits to students and does not charge high fees for foreign transactions. Understand the payment systems and methods, such as direct bank transfers or checks, to manage your finances effectively.
Part-Time Employment
If you need to increase your income, consider part-time employment opportunities that fit your academic schedule. Working while studying can provide extra income and help you interact with your new environment. Remember to check the rules and regulations regarding working on a student visa in your host country.
Student Discounts and Cost-Saving Measures
Take advantage of student discounts offered by shops, restaurants, and entertainment venues. Cooking at home, buying groceries, and sharing expenses with flatmates can significantly reduce costs. Additionally, look for cheaper alternatives for transportation, such as buses or bicycles, and consider the cost of different study destinations when planning your international education.
Emergency Funds and Financial Guidance
It is wise to set aside a small portion of your income as an emergency fund for unexpected expenses. If you need financial advice, don't hesitate to seek guidance from student support services or financial advisors, who can provide tailored advice on budgeting, saving, and managing debt.
By following these strategies and staying proactive in managing your finances, you can ensure a more enjoyable and financially secure international student experience.
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Choosing a university and program
One key factor to consider is the location of the university. The USA, for example, offers a diverse range of cultural, social, and economic experiences, with each state having its unique culture, climate, and history. You should also consider the popularity of your chosen state among international students and the overall cost of living in that area. Additionally, practical matters such as student visa requirements, travel arrangements, and the availability of affordable communication options to stay in touch with your family back home are essential to keep in mind.
Another aspect to explore is the university's international student population and the support they offer. Some universities have pathway programs designed to ease the transition for international students, providing extra support and assistance with career growth. If you are considering studying in the USA, you can visit an EducationUSA advising center or explore their online resources to learn more about the programs available for international students and financing opportunities.
Furthermore, it is worth investigating the surrounding area of the university and the opportunities for part-time work, internships, or research collaborations. You may also want to consider the option of starting your international education journey at a community college, which can offer a more affordable way to begin your studies before transferring to a university.
Remember to utilize available resources, such as online platforms that provide comprehensive information about universities and their programs, as well as state-specific and subject-specific guides to help you make an informed decision.
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Adjusting to a new culture
To ease this transition, it is beneficial to familiarise yourself with the cultural aspects of your host country before your arrival. Websites like internationalstudent.com offer comprehensive information on the cultural nuances of studying in the USA, UK, and Australia. They provide insights into the education system, application timelines, and practical details to help you prepare for your new environment. Additionally, attending open days, either in person or virtually, can give you valuable insights into campus life and the opportunity to ask staff and students questions.
It is also important to remember that adjusting to a new culture takes time and patience. Embrace the initial culture shock as a normal part of the process and allow yourself to feel excited about the adventure ahead. You can expect to encounter new customs and traditions, and possibly a new language, which can be overwhelming at first. However, by keeping an open mind and actively engaging with your new environment, you will gradually adapt and develop a deeper understanding of your host culture.
To further facilitate your adjustment, consider connecting with other international students who are going through similar experiences. Many universities offer pathway programs or support groups specifically designed to help international students transition academically and socially. These programs can provide extra support and resources to ensure a smoother adaptation to your new educational environment. Additionally, finding a part-time job while studying can be a great way to meet people, build professional skills, and gain a deeper understanding of the local culture.
Remember, adjusting to a new culture is a gradual process, and it is normal to experience ups and downs. By staying open-minded, proactive, and patient, you will be able to navigate the challenges and embrace the exciting opportunities that come with studying in a different country.
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Working while studying
In the United States, international students with an F-1 visa can generally work on-campus for up to 20 hours per week during the school term and up to 40 hours per week during breaks. F-1 students may not work off-campus during their first academic year, but they may accept on-campus employment subject to certain conditions and restrictions. After the first academic year, F-1 students may engage in three types of off-campus employment: Curricular Practical Training (CPT), Optional Practical Training (OPT), and off-campus employment due to economic hardship. CPT includes internships, cooperative education jobs, and other experiences related to the student's field of study. OPT allows students to work in areas related to their major for up to one year before or after graduation. To be eligible, students must have been enrolled for at least one academic year and maintain their F-1 status. For off-campus employment due to economic hardship, USCIS will authorize work only in cases of severe economic hardship occurring after enrollment, and the student must have been in F-1 status for at least one full academic year.
In Canada, international students are allowed to work off-campus up to 24 hours per week without a work permit, provided they meet other eligibility requirements. Students must be full-time and ensure they are eligible to work without a permit before starting work. Working more than 24 hours per week is a violation of the study permit conditions, and students may lose their student status and be asked to leave the country. Students can work unlimited hours during scheduled breaks, such as summer and winter holidays, as long as they are full-time students both before and after the break. After completing their studies, students can work full-time if they meet specific requirements, such as having already been authorized to work off-campus during their studies.
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Frequently asked questions
You need to apply for and receive a visa from the U.S. Department of State. You can apply for a student visa at a U.S. embassy or consulate after being accepted to a Student and Exchange Visitor Program (SEVP)-certified school and paying the I-901 SEVIS Fee. You will also need to have enough cash to get set up, purchase an international student insurance plan, and be prepared to call home regularly and affordably.
Every international application requires a student visa and basic knowledge of immigration. You will also need to prove that you have the necessary level of English, which varies from university to university and even from course to course within the same university.
One of the challenges of being an international student is the financial burden. International students often have to pay their own tuition and expenses, and may not have access to funding from the government. Additionally, traveling from all corners of the world to school and back home can be expensive.
It is important to research different schools and programs to find the right fit for you. Consider factors such as program availability, degree type, location, tuition range, and public vs. private status. If you cannot meet the high cost and requirements of universities, you may want to consider a community college for your first two years.
