Credit Internships: Available To International Students?

Internships are a great way to gain practical experience and build a strong resume. For international students, the process of finding an internship can be challenging due to visa regulations and work authorization requirements. In the United States, international students on F-1 visas may be eligible for Optional Practical Training (OPT) or Curricular Practical Training (CPT), while J-1 visa holders can participate in Academic Training (AT). Additionally, programs like the J-1 Exchange Visitor Program allow international students to take part in internships or training programs for a limited period. Understanding visa regulations and seeking guidance from university career services are crucial steps for international students seeking internships. Online job boards, direct company contact, cultural exchange programs, and volunteering are also viable avenues to explore. While some internships offer financial compensation, others provide academic credit, which can be beneficial for students seeking to enhance their educational experience.

Visa requirements

International students can undertake internships in the US, but they will need to ensure they have the correct visa and any necessary work authorization. The type of visa and authorization required will depend on the student's circumstances, including whether they are already studying in the US, and whether the internship is paid or unpaid, virtual or in-person, and related to their degree.

F-1 Visa

The F-1 Visa is for academic students and allows the holder to enter the US as a full-time student at an accredited college, university, school, or other academic institution. F-1 visa holders are allowed to undertake internships during or after their studies, but they must first get work authorization. This can be done by getting approved for Curricular Practical Training (CPT) or Optional Practical Training (OPT). CPT allows for practical, degree-related experience through an internship or cooperative education during the school year or summer break. The internship must be related to the student's major and required to complete their degree. If the internship is optional, it may still be completed through CPT if the student receives college credit. CPT can be authorized by a Designated School Official (DSO) but must be part of the student's academic program and integral to their major field of study. CPT can be used to authorize both paid and unpaid internships, but students must have completed their first year at university. They must also apply for authorization on their student visa and receive an updated I-20 form before beginning their internship. Students can also apply for OPT during their studies (pre-completion OPT) or after completing their program (post-completion OPT). Pre-completion OPT limits working hours to a maximum of 20 hours per week during school, but allows full-time hours during academic breaks and annual vacation. Post-completion OPT allows the holder to work full-time in the US for up to 12 months with approval from the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS). With a STEM-related degree, the holder can request up to two additional years of OPT.

J-1 Visa

The J-1 Visa is for students who are coming to the US solely for an internship. J-1 students must be sponsored by an accredited educational or other nonprofit institution and may be able to find internship placements through their sponsor. While J-1 students cannot apply for OPT, they can apply for Academic Training (AT) in a field related to their program for up to 18 months after graduating. Visa holders who want an internship in the USA without enrolling in a degree program can apply for a J-1 Intern or J-1 Trainee visa. Most businesses require interns to be enrolled in a university or to have graduated in the last 12 months. Trainees may be required to have a degree and previous working experience outside the US.

No Visa Required

If a student is living outside the US while doing their internship, they are not subject to US visa or immigration restrictions and do not need to apply for US work authorization, even if their virtual internship is with a US company. However, some companies may still prefer that the intern has US work authorization, such as CPT.

Work authorization

International students can typically participate in an off-campus internship using Curricular Practical Training (CPT). Students can be eligible to use CPT for an internship if they have been enrolled in school full-time and have maintained their student visa status. The internship must be related to their major field of study and be taken for course credit or be required for the completion of their degree. Students should work with their academic advisor and International Student & Scholar Services (ISSS) to ensure they are eligible, the correct course is taken for credit, and that the appropriate paperwork is completed.

The CPT can be authorized by a Designated School Official (DSO) but must be part of the academic program and be integral to the student's major field of study. The DSO can also advise on how to get the appropriate authorization, whether CPT or OPT, as well as the rules that must be followed to maintain student status.

Pre-completion Optional Practical Training (OPT) is another training option for students on an F-1 visa that can be full-time during the summer vacation. Pre-completion OPT must relate to the student's major, and they must file a Form I-765, "Application for Employment Authorization", with U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services to receive authorization before beginning their training opportunity.

If an internship is unpaid, it can still be authorized as a practical training experience. The U.S. Department of Labor (DOL) is investigating "unpaid internship" programs to determine if the work performed is properly "volunteer" work or if it is "employment". If an unpaid internship should be a paid internship under DOL rules, the student must be "employment authorized" to undertake the internship.

Unpaid internships

To ensure compliance, international students should understand the difference between an unpaid internship and volunteering. Volunteering refers to donating time without remuneration to an organisation with charitable or humanitarian purposes. In contrast, internships are primarily offered by the private sector and are related to the student's major field of study. Unpaid internships must meet strict criteria to qualify as legitimate under the Department of Labor (DOL) rules and the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA). If an unpaid internship position should have been a paid position, the student will be in violation of their status.

F-1 and J-1 international students must obtain work authorisation for most unpaid internships. Curricular Practical Training (CPT) or Optional Practical Training (OPT) work authorisation is required for F-1 students, while J-1 students must apply for Academic Training. These authorisations ensure that the internship is tied to the student's academic program and does not violate any labour laws. Without proper work authorisation, off-campus employment is considered a violation of F-1 and J-1 visa requirements.

To determine if an unpaid internship requires work authorisation, students should consult with their school's International Student Services (ISS) office and seek advice from HR and immigration experts. It is essential to review the specific criteria established by the DOL and ensure that the internship provides training and benefits the student rather than the employer. Additionally, students should obtain written confirmation from their supervisor that the internship is unpaid and will not provide any form of compensation.

By following these guidelines and obtaining the necessary work authorisations, international students can take advantage of unpaid internship opportunities without jeopardising their visa status. Unpaid internships can provide valuable experience and skills that will enhance their resume and open doors to future career opportunities.

Networking opportunities

Networking is an essential aspect of career development, enabling individuals to forge connections, gain insights, and access opportunities. As an international student seeking internship opportunities, networking can be a powerful tool to enhance your experience and open doors to new possibilities. Here are some ways you can leverage networking to your advantage:

On-Campus Networking:

Your university campus is a great place to start building your network. Your classmates, professors, and advisors can all be valuable connections. Keep in touch with your peers, as they may become future collaborators or provide referrals for internships. Professors and advisors can offer guidance, introduce you to industry contacts, and even inform you about internship opportunities.

University Departments:

Take advantage of your university's career services department and international student services office. These departments often have resources and guidance specifically tailored to international students seeking internships. They can provide advice on the visa process, industry connections, and internship programs.

Online Forums and Websites:

Utilize online platforms such as LinkedIn, Glassdoor, and Idealist.org to search for internships and connect with professionals in your industry of interest. These websites offer a vast network of potential connections and resources. Additionally, consider using internship search tools like Go Overseas' job search feature, which is designed specifically for international students.

Industry Events and Conferences:

Attend industry-specific events and conferences, such as the MBA World Summit, the Forté Foundation Women's Leadership Conference, or the ROMBA Fellowship summer retreat. These events provide unique networking opportunities with like-minded individuals, entrepreneurs, investors, and industry professionals. They offer a chance to showcase your skills, gain insights, and make meaningful connections that could lead to future internships or job offers.

Direct Company Outreach:

If you have a specific company in mind, don't hesitate to reach out directly. Contact their human resources department or relevant personnel via phone or email to inquire about internship opportunities. This proactive approach demonstrates initiative and can set you apart from other candidates.

CIS Events:

If your university is a member of CIS (Council of International Schools), take advantage of their international network. CIS offers a range of in-person and virtual events that provide networking opportunities with students from other member schools worldwide. This can be a great way to connect with a diverse group of students and expand your international network.

Remember, networking is about building genuine connections and creating mutually beneficial relationships. Be open to different cultures and ways of thinking, and don't underestimate the power of your existing network, as even your classmates and professors can be valuable resources for your career journey.

Internship search

International students can certainly undertake internships in the US, and it can be a valuable opportunity for resume-building and global recognition. However, it can be challenging to navigate the visa process and understand the unique work culture. Here is a guide to help you with your internship search as an international student:

Choose an Industry:

Firstly, you need to decide which industry you want to intern in. The US is home to many thriving industries, including entertainment, engineering, fashion, business, innovation and technology, aerospace, finance, and healthcare. Think about your career goals and choose an industry that will benefit you the most.

Paid or Unpaid:

You will then need to decide whether you want to take up a paid or unpaid internship role. Paid internships are often very competitive, and smaller organizations tend to hire unpaid interns. Unpaid internships can offer more flexibility and a broader range of opportunities to gain experience across diverse industries and companies.

Visa Requirements:

As an international student, you must understand the visa requirements for internships in the US. There are two main types of visas: the F-1 Visa for full-time students and the J-1 Visa for those not enrolled in full-time programs. The visa process can be time-consuming, so it is advisable to start your internship search early. Ensure you are aware of the specific internship conditions outlined in your student visa.

Where to Look:

You can start your search by looking for internships through your university or college, as they may have partnerships with US institutions. Many companies in the US also host internship programs specifically for students. Additionally, you can search online job boards, LinkedIn, or other career-seeking websites. Networking is key, so stay connected with classmates, professors, and other professionals, and join industry-specific clubs and associations for great networking opportunities.

Application Process:

Once you have found potential internship opportunities, it is time to apply. Ensure your resume and cover letter are tailored to the role and highlight your strengths and experiences. Be prepared for interviews, where you can showcase your personality and skills. Remember that the hiring process for international students is typically the same as for domestic students.

Action Plan:

Create a structured action plan to help you stay organized during your internship search. Identify your professional goals, strengths, and interests, and use this plan to narrow down your options and find internships that align with your career path. This will help you balance your studies with your internship search effectively.

Best of luck with your internship search!

Frequently asked questions