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What You'll Learn
Work visa options for international graduates in the US
International students who graduate from US colleges and universities often seek ways to stay and work in the country after graduation. While there is currently no work visa specifically for international graduates, there are several options that can allow them to stay and gain work experience. Here are some of the most common work visa options for international graduates in the US:
F-1 Visa Extension with OPT or STEM OPT
The F-1 Visa is a non-immigrant visa that allows international students to enter the US as full-time students at accredited academic institutions. After graduation, an F-1 Visa holder can apply for an Optional Practical Training (OPT) extension, which allows them to work in the US for up to 12 months in their field of study. The STEM OPT extension is specifically for graduates in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) fields and provides an additional 24 months of temporary training related to their program of study.
H-1B Visa
The H-1B Visa is a common option for postgraduates seeking a USA work visa. It is granted for an initial period of three years and can be extended for up to six years. To qualify, the employer must initiate the visa process, and it is important to note that spouses and minor children will need H-4 visas to accompany the applicant.
O-1 "Extraordinary Ability" Visa
The O-1 Visa is an alternative to the H-1B Visa and is designed for individuals with extraordinary abilities or achievements in their field. This visa category recognizes the skills and talents of individuals who can make significant contributions to their industries.
J-1 "Exchange Visitor" Program
The J-1 Visa is another alternative for international graduates seeking work opportunities in the US. It is commonly used by postgraduate researchers, physicians, and other professionals participating in exchange visitor programs.
Green Card
Obtaining a green card is a long-term goal for many international students who want to work and live in the US indefinitely. A green card allows individuals to work anywhere in the US and receive financial benefits. However, due to high demand, obtaining a green card can be a lengthy process.
To maximize their chances of success, international graduates should start their job search early, leverage their university's career resources, and focus on developing valuable skills that employers seek.
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OPT and STEM OPT extensions
International students in the US who want to work after graduation must follow several regulations. One option for international students to work in the US after graduation is Optional Practical Training (OPT). OPT is a type of temporary employment that is directly related to an F-1 student's major area of study. Eligible students can apply to receive up to 12 months of OPT employment authorization before or after completing their academic studies.
If you have earned a degree in certain STEM fields, you may be eligible for a 24-month extension of your post-completion OPT, known as the STEM OPT extension. To be eligible for the STEM OPT extension, you must meet the following requirements:
- Have earned a bachelor's, master's, or doctoral degree from an accredited US college or university that is certified by the Student and Exchange Visitor Program (SEVP).
- Your degree must be in a qualifying STEM field, as listed on the DHS STEM Designated Degree Program List.
- Your employer must be enrolled in the E-Verify program, and you must be employed for at least 20 hours per week.
- Your OPT employment opportunity must be directly related to your STEM degree.
- You must complete Form I-983, which outlines how the training opportunity relates to your STEM degree.
It is important to note that the STEM OPT extension is only available to F-1 students who are already participating in OPT based on a non-STEM degree. Additionally, students can only participate in the STEM OPT extension twice, and they must earn a second qualifying degree at a higher education level to be eligible for the second extension.
If you are considering applying for OPT or the STEM OPT extension, it is important to review the detailed guidelines provided by USCIS and consult with your university's career center advisors. These resources can provide specific information and guidance on the requirements and application process.
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F-1 visa and its alternatives
International students in the US are typically admitted on an F-1 visa, which is a non-immigrant visa allowing foreign nationals to study full-time at accredited academic institutions. To obtain an F-1 visa, individuals must be accepted by a Student and Exchange Visitor Program (SEVP)-certified school in the US and must demonstrate sufficient financial resources to support themselves during their studies. F-1 visa holders are subject to certain regulations, including maintaining full-time student status, making normal academic progress, and reporting any changes to their program or address. They are also permitted to work on campus and can apply for Optional Practical Training (OPT) after graduation, provided their employment is related to their field of study.
The F-1 visa has some alternatives, including the J-1 Exchange Visitor Visa, which is for individuals participating in educational and cultural exchange programs. The O-1 "extraordinary ability" visa and the H-1B Visa are other options, although the latter is currently heavily oversubscribed. For those with degrees in critical fields like STEM and healthcare, a direct pathway to obtaining a Green Card has been proposed, which would allow graduates to remain in the US after obtaining their degree.
The process of obtaining an F-1 visa begins with completing the online Nonimmigrant Visa Application, Form DS-160, and uploading a photo that meets the requirements. The next step is to schedule an interview at a US Embassy or Consulate, bringing the application confirmation page and photo to the interview. Individuals must also obtain a Certificate of Eligibility for Nonimmigrant (F-1) Student Status, Form I-20, from their school, which confirms their acceptance into an SEVP-certified program. This form must be signed by both the student and a school official.
It is important to note that F-1 visa holders must adhere to specific regulations, including maintaining their student status and reporting any changes to their designated school official. Additionally, F-2 dependent spouses and unmarried minor children of F-1 visa holders can apply for F-2 or M-2 visas, respectively, to accompany the primary visa holder during their studies. F-2 spouses have limited permissions and are not allowed to work or enrol in a full course of study, whereas F-2 minor children can attend school in the US.
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International student work rights on campus
International students in the US have certain work rights on campus that they can exercise during their studies. These rights are governed by specific regulations and visas, such as the F-1 or J-1 visa, which allow for part-time employment of up to 20 hours per week during term time. Students with an M-1 visa, such as vocational training visa holders, are not permitted to work. On-campus employment is typically restricted to working for employers that provide services to the students. Additionally, volunteering is allowed on campus as long as it is charitable or humanitarian and unpaid.
International students can also explore off-campus work opportunities with special permission from the United States Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS). However, this is usually granted only in cases of severe financial need or crises in the student's home country. To maintain compliance, it is crucial to adhere to the conditions outlined in the study permit or visa.
In Canada, international students can work off-campus without a work permit, provided they meet specific requirements. They must be enrolled as a full-time student at a designated learning institution (DLI) and ensure they meet the eligibility criteria outlined in the Immigration and Refugee Protection Regulations. Working more than 24 hours per week is a violation of the study permit conditions, and students must also be mindful of the restrictions on working before the start of their studies.
In Australia, international students possess the same workplace rights and protections as other workers. From July 1, 2023, international students can work up to 48 hours every fortnight during term time, excluding PhD and master's by research students. They can work unlimited hours during holiday breaks, and casual work offers flexibility in working hours. The Fair Work Ombudsman provides support and guidance to international students facing workplace issues, ensuring their rights are protected.
While the focus is on 'International student work rights on campus', it is worth noting that post-graduation, international students in the US may have options such as OPT, STEM OPT extension, H-1B Visa, and Green Card to continue working and staying in the country legally. However, specific regulations must be followed, and resources like university career centres can provide valuable guidance on navigating these processes.
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Job search strategies for international graduates
The job search process can be challenging for international students, especially with the added complexity of immigration laws. Here are some strategies to help international graduates navigate the job market:
Start Early and Seek Guidance:
Begin your job search well before graduation. Talk to your university's career advisors and international student support services to understand the specific regulations and options available to you, such as post-completion OPT (Optional Practical Training) or visa programs.
Understand the Local Job Market:
Familiarize yourself with the American job search process, including resume/CV expectations and interview procedures. Adapt your job search approach to align with local traditions and customs.
Highlight Your Unique Strengths:
Emphasize your bilingual abilities, cultural background, and any specialized skills or extensive experience you possess. Employers often prioritize skills and experiences over grades, so ensure you communicate your unique value proposition effectively.
Network and Seek Internships:
Connect with international student alumni networks and attend career fairs to build connections. If your visa allows, consider internships to gain direct experience in your chosen field. Research companies that traditionally hire international students, and be proactive in reaching out to potential employers.
Stay Informed about Immigration Options:
Keep up to date with immigration avenues and visa options. Explore alternatives to the H-1B visa, such as the O-1 "extraordinary ability" visa or the J-1 "exchange visitor" program. Understand the requirements for permanent residency (a green card) and any legislative changes that may impact your status.
Remember, each country's job market and immigration landscape may differ, so tailor your strategies accordingly. Starting early and seeking guidance from experienced professionals will help you navigate the complexities and increase your chances of success.
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Frequently asked questions
Yes, international students can work in the US after graduation. They can obtain the right F-1 visa, OPT, or a Green Card to extend their stay in the US.
International students should start looking for jobs about a year before graduation. They can seek guidance from their university's career centre advisors on resources and assistance available.
International students can apply for an OPT extension or a STEM OPT extension to their F-1 visa, allowing them to stay and work in the US legally after graduation. They can also explore alternatives like the O-1 "extraordinary ability" visa or the J-1 "exchange visitor" program.
