
Australia's international student population has been severely impacted by the country's closed borders during the COVID-19 pandemic. International students make up 30% of Australia's population, contributing billions to the economy, and their absence has had a significant impact on the higher education sector and related businesses. While there were positive signs in 2021 and 2022 that the borders would reopen to students, with some pilot programs and changes to visa norms, the Australian government has not provided a clear timeline for a full reopening. This has left many international students anxious and reconsidering their plans, with application numbers lower than in previous years.
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What You'll Learn
- Australia's borders opened for international students on 15th December 2021
- Pilot plans to allow international students to enter Australia in 2021
- The economic impact of closed borders on the Australian education sector
- The Australian government's support for international students post-pandemic
- The challenges of online classes for international students

Australia's borders opened for international students on 15th December 2021
Australia's borders reopened for international students on 15 December 2021, after being closed for 18 months due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The reopening of borders was good news for international students and the Australian education sector, which had lost billions in revenue during the closure.
Eligible visa holders, including international students, were now allowed to enter Australia without needing to apply for a travel exemption. However, they were required to be fully vaccinated and provide a negative COVID pre-departure test result. The Australian government also announced changes to visa norms to provide flexibility to international students and protect their post-study work rights. For example, the temporary graduate visa was extended from two years to three years.
The reopening of borders was expected to bring over 200,000 eligible travellers to Australia in the following two months, many of whom would be students. To accommodate this influx, domestic and international carriers increased their air services. Qantas Airlines, for instance, added flights for December.
International students were advised to apply for their student visas quickly due to expected delays in processing applications. Universities and colleges also recommended that students ensure that seven days had passed since their final dose of vaccination.
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Pilot plans to allow international students to enter Australia in 2021
Australia's federal budget forecasted that international students could return in 2021 via small phased pilot programmes. These pilot programmes were expected to commence in late 2021 and gradually increase from 2022. However, no definitive timeline has been announced, and the return of international students in significant numbers would depend on health advice, the rollout of vaccines, and other factors that ensure the safety of the community.
New South Wales (NSW) was expected to get federal government approval for its pilot plan to bring back 250 international students into the state every fortnight. They would enter via charter flights and then quarantine in special accommodation. NSW Treasurer Dominic Perrottet announced on June 10, 2021, that the state would bring a small number of international students back to Sydney under a pilot plan. However, due to the COVID-19 outbreak in Sydney and the lockdown, the plan was paused until at least August 28.
South Australia's pilot plan to bring international students back to the state was approved by the Australian federal government in June 2021. According to the plan, up to 160 students will be flown into the state and will quarantine at facilities at Parafield Airport. The plan would not impact returning Australians as it would be done outside the current caps, and institutions and students would bear the costs of flights and quarantine.
The Victorian government has also submitted a draft plan to the federal government and is working with education providers and the federal government on a plan to facilitate the gradual return of international students when conditions allow. However, Victoria appears to be behind NSW and South Australia in terms of approval for their pilot plans.
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The economic impact of closed borders on the Australian education sector
Australia's international students come from several countries, including China, India, Nepal, and Brazil, and they attend top institutions such as the University of Melbourne, the University of Sydney, and the University of Queensland. International students make up 30% of Australia's population, and their contribution to the economy is significant.
The COVID-19 pandemic and the subsequent closure of Australia's borders to international students for 18 months had a profound impact on the country's education sector. Australian universities rely heavily on international students, who bring over two billion Australian dollars per year to the economy. The absence of these students has negatively affected the sector financially.
During the pandemic, many international students returned to their home countries, facing challenges such as visa expiry, monetary problems, and a lack of family support. The Australian government has acknowledged the importance of international students to the country's economy and has proposed initiatives to support the sector once borders reopen. These include changes to visa norms, extended regulatory fee waivers, and additional grants for education providers impacted by the pandemic.
Despite these efforts, the recovery of the international education sector has been slow. While student visa application processing restarted in the second half of 2020, indicating some recovery in student demand, application numbers remain lower than in previous years. As of December 2020, commencements from China had dropped by 26%, contributing to an overall decline of 22%.
The Australian government has not provided a clear timeline for the full reopening of borders to international students, which has caused uncertainty and anxiety for prospective students. However, there are positive signs, with some states, such as South Australia, proposing pilot programs to welcome back international students.
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The Australian government's support for international students post-pandemic
Australia's international education sector is a crucial aspect of the country's economy and society, and international students are sensitive to changing immigration policies. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the Australian government faced criticism for providing inadequate support to international students, with universities neglected and many students suffering detrimental effects.
In response to the challenges of the pandemic, the Australian government has implemented several measures to support international students and maintain its leading position in the international education market. Firstly, the government has introduced changes to visa norms, offering flexibility to international students returning to Australia. This includes allowing Temporary Graduate (subclass 485) visa holders to apply for a replacement visa if they were unable to travel to Australia due to COVID-19 border restrictions. The government has also extended the duration of the temporary graduate visa from 2 years to 3 years for postgraduate students, with a 2-year visa for vocational education and training industry graduates.
To support international education providers impacted by the pandemic, the government has provided extended regulatory fee waivers and additional grants. The government is also committed to protecting the post-study work rights of international students, with initiatives in place to ensure equal workplace rights and protections.
Furthermore, the Australian government offers financial assistance to international students through scholarships, grants, and bursaries. The Research Training Program provides block grants to eligible universities to support domestic and overseas students pursuing higher degrees by research. The government has also outlined a Migration Strategy, aiming to strengthen the integrity and quality of international education, prevent the exploitation of international students, and protect Australia's reputation as a high-quality education destination.
Overall, the Australian government's support for international students post-pandemic focuses on creating a responsive and respectful environment, fostering economic growth, and enhancing Australia's reputation in the international education market.
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The challenges of online classes for international students
While there are positive signs that Australia's borders may open for international students as early as July 2021, the ongoing uncertainty has led many international students to opt for online classes. However, online classes present several challenges that can negatively impact the overall learning experience for international students.
One of the primary challenges faced by international students in online classes is isolation and a lack of community. The absence of face-to-face interactions with peers and instructors can lead to feelings of loneliness and depression, especially when students are unable to meet in person due to distance or pandemic-related restrictions. This sense of isolation is compounded by the lack of peer support and minimal interaction in asynchronous online courses. The loss of community can also affect an international student's sense of belonging at the university, as they miss out on the cultural exchange and social aspects of campus life.
In addition to social challenges, international students in online classes may also encounter academic hurdles. Language barriers, particularly with English language proficiency, can hinder their ability to fully engage with course materials and communicate effectively with instructors and peers. This can be further exacerbated by time zone differences, which may result in delayed responses to queries and a sense of disconnection from the course.
Furthermore, the online learning format itself can pose challenges. Students may struggle with instructor inexperience with online teaching methods, affecting the quality of instruction and timely feedback. The increased screen time and odd hours required to meet deadlines can lead to sleep deprivation and negatively impact overall well-being.
While online classes offer flexibility and convenience, the challenges of isolation, language barriers, time zone differences, and increased screen time can create a less-than-ideal learning environment for international students. As universities continue to navigate the complexities of the pandemic and border restrictions, it is crucial to provide additional resources and support to ensure the success and well-being of international students in online learning environments.
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Frequently asked questions
Yes, Australia's borders have been open for international students since 15 December 2021, after being closed for 18 months.
International students need to apply for a student visa and ensure that 7 days have been completed since their final dose of vaccination. On arrival, they will be required to quarantine in purpose-built student accommodation.
The Australian government has announced changes to visa norms for international students, including the extension of the temporary graduate visa from 2 years to 3 years for postgraduate students. Temporary graduate visa holders can apply for a replacement visa if they were unable to travel due to border restrictions.
There has been a significant decrease in international student arrivals and enrolments in Australia due to the border closures. In February, only 200 international students arrived, compared to 121,120 in the same month the previous year. Enrolments from China, Australia's largest student source country, dropped by 26% as of December 2020.
The Australian government has proposed pilot plans and programs to safely bring back international students. These include the South Australia pilot program, which aims to bring 300 international students to the state, and similar plans in NSW, Victoria, and the Northern Territory.





















