Universities And Student Health: Disclosure Requirements And Rights

College students face a unique set of challenges that can impact their physical and mental health. With new responsibilities, busy schedules, changes in routine, and other personal circumstances, it's no surprise that many students experience stress, anxiety, and depression during their time at university. While some students may choose to keep their health problems private, it's important to consider the role of universities in supporting their students' well-being. So, are students required to disclose their health problems to their universities?

Students' mental health

The mental health of students has been a growing concern for colleges and universities. During the 2020-2021 school year, over 60% of college students met the criteria for at least one mental health problem, according to the Healthy Minds Study. This trend is not limited to a single year or semester; the rate of mental health problems, including anxiety and depression, has steadily increased over the past eight years, with rates even higher among racial and ethnic minority students.

Challenges Faced by Students

Students face a variety of challenges that can impact their mental health. These include increased responsibilities, busy schedules, changes in routine, and other personal circumstances. The transition to college can be a significant source of stress, as students may be navigating their physical and mental health for the first time without parental support. Additionally, the COVID-19 pandemic has taken a toll on many college students, contributing to feelings of isolation, stress, and fear.

Impact of Mental Health Issues

Mental health problems can have far-reaching consequences for students, affecting their energy levels, concentration, dependability, mental ability, and optimism. Research has linked depression with lower grade point averages and increased dropout rates. Mental health difficulties can also interfere with students' studies, social lives, and relationships with family and friends. In some cases, mental health issues can even lead to long-term consequences, impacting future employment, earning potential, and overall health.

Support and Resources

Colleges and universities are recognizing the importance of supporting students' mental health and are rethinking their approaches. This includes embracing a broader culture of well-being, improving access to counselling and mental health services, and equipping faculty and staff to identify and support students in distress. Some of the specific resources and initiatives that have been implemented include:

• Mental health workshops and peer wellness coaching
• Drop-in programs and virtual counselling services
• Group therapy, peer counselling, and telehealth options
• Academic accommodations and policy changes to reduce stress
• University-sponsored insurance plans and referrals to community providers
• Apps and technology-based solutions, such as wellness apps and telehealth platforms

Addressing Inequalities

It is important to note that students of color and racial and ethnic minorities are disproportionately affected by mental health issues. Universities are working to address these inequalities by enhancing diversity in their behavioural health staff and providing training opportunities to encourage students of color to enter the field of mental health. Additionally, university policies that address and eliminate racial discrimination on campus and in healthcare settings can help reduce the mental health risk factors experienced by students of color.

Students' physical health

Common Physical Health Issues

University students often encounter physical health issues such as colds, orthopedic injuries (sprains, broken bones), urinary tract infections, and stomach bugs. These issues can be a result of living in close quarters with other students, increased stress, and lifestyle changes associated with university life. Additionally, drug and alcohol use, as well as a lack of sleep, are also common factors that can impact students' physical health.

Managing Physical Health

To manage their physical health effectively, students should prioritize getting adequate sleep, maintaining a balanced diet, and engaging in regular physical activity. They should also be mindful of personal hygiene, especially during cold and flu seasons, to reduce the risk of getting sick.

Universities play a crucial role in promoting students' physical health by providing health services and raising awareness about various health issues. However, it is ultimately the student's responsibility to take care of their physical health and seek appropriate medical attention when needed.

Insurance Coverage

Navigating insurance coverage can be challenging, especially for students with pre-existing conditions or those attending school far from home. Understanding insurance plans, whether through their university or private options like Medicaid, is essential to ensuring their physical health needs are covered.

In conclusion, students' physical health is a critical aspect of their overall university experience. By being proactive about their health, understanding their insurance coverage, and utilizing the resources provided by their university, students can maintain their physical well-being and fully embrace the opportunities that higher education offers.

Students' insurance coverage

Students can face a complex world of insurance when they go to college, especially if they are managing chronic medical conditions. It can be tricky to navigate, and even more so if they are studying far from home.

Student Health Insurance Plans

Many colleges and universities offer student health insurance plans, and enrolling in one can be an easy and affordable way to get basic insurance coverage. These plans are often purchased when family coverage is not available and can be a valuable solution for students and their families. They can cost less than other plans and provide better benefits, including lower cost deductibles and premiums, comprehensive benefits, and greater access to national and local networks of physicians and behavioural health specialists.

However, not all student health plans are the same, and some offer limited benefits, which can put students at risk of large medical bills. It is important to understand the specific type of plan, which entity is offering it, and exactly how coverage works.

Parent's Insurance

For students under 26, remaining on a parent's or guardian's insurance plan might be the best option. It is important to check the fine print to ensure coverage is comprehensive and extends to where the student attends school. It may be necessary to find in-network providers near the school and transfer prescriptions to a national chain pharmacy. Mail-order pharmaceuticals, if covered by insurance, might also be an option.

Individual Plans

Students can also apply for coverage through the Marketplace. Depending on income, family size, and location, lower costs may be available. If a student is under 30 (or qualifies for a hardship exemption), they can purchase a catastrophic health plan through an Exchange.

Medicaid

Depending on the state, Medicaid may be an option for low-income students. However, Medicaid benefits are typically only valid in the state where the plan originates.

Students' substance use

Substance use and misuse is a significant concern among college students, with 93% of students acknowledging the importance of choosing not to drink at parties. However, the pressure to fit in and cope with the demands of college life can lead some students to experiment with substances. While some students may view substance use as a way to manage stress, improve energy, or ease social anxiety, it often leads to negative consequences. These consequences can include worsening mental health issues, poor academic performance, legal challenges, risky behaviours, accidents, and addiction.

To support students struggling with substance use, universities offer various programs and resources. For instance, students can participate in "Buffs Discuss Substance Use" sessions facilitated by trained undergraduate peer facilitators. These sessions aim to empower students to make intentional choices regarding substance use. Additionally, universities may provide free support groups, peer coaching, and recovery communities for those seeking help with unhealthy behaviours related to substance use.

It is important to note that substance use can have severe and long-term impacts on students' health and well-being. Universities play a crucial role in providing prevention, intervention, and treatment services to address this issue. By offering a range of support options, universities can help students make informed decisions and reduce the negative consequences associated with substance use.

Substance use among college students is a complex issue that requires a multi-faceted approach. Universities should continue to develop and promote supportive programs while also fostering a campus culture that prioritises the well-being and resilience of its student body. Additionally, it is essential to address the underlying factors that may contribute to students' substance use, such as mental health struggles, academic pressure, and social anxiety.

Universities have a responsibility to create a safe and healthy environment for their students. By providing comprehensive support and resources for students struggling with substance use, universities can make a significant impact on the well-being of their student community.

Students' sleep habits

Sleep is often sacrificed by students due to the whirlwind of deadlines, exams, extracurricular activities, late-night study sessions, and socialising. However, this can have serious implications for their health and academic performance.

According to the National Sleep Foundation, high school students (aged 14-17) need about eight to ten hours of sleep each night, while young adults (aged 18-25) need seven to nine hours. Most students, however, get far less than the recommended amount. 70-96% of college students get less than eight hours of sleep each weeknight, and over half sleep less than seven hours per night.

Consequently, students may experience daytime sleepiness and fatigue, irritability and a short temper, trouble coping with stress, and difficulty focusing, concentrating, and remembering. Over the long term, chronic sleep deprivation can lead to weight gain and obesity, cardiovascular disease, and type 2 diabetes. It can also negatively impact mental health, with links to anxiety and depression.

On the other hand, students who prioritise sleep are likely to see an improvement in their academic performance. They will experience less daytime sleepiness and fatigue, be more productive, more attentive to detail, and able to concentrate better while studying.

• Limit caffeine and alcohol consumption, especially close to bedtime.
• Avoid electronic screens within an hour of bedtime.
• Engage in daily physical exercise, but not too close to bedtime.
• Establish a sleep schedule and a bedtime routine.
• Make your bed a place only for sleeping.
• Avoid taking naps in the afternoon or evening.
• Eat healthily and avoid foods that can cause acid reflux.

Frequently asked questions