Ibrahim Gardner
Summer internships are a great way for international students to gain experience in their field, build in-demand skills, and get a sense of which careers appeal to them. While it is possible for international students to do internships, there are several visa considerations and work authorization rules to navigate. Students with F-1 visas, for example, can do internships under work authorization through Curricular Practical Training (CPT), which must be related to their degree. Taking on two internships in one summer is possible but challenging, as it may lead to burnout and potential overlap in timing and employers may not allow it.
Characteristics and values of an international student doing internships in the US:
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Visa type | F-1 or J-1 |
| Work authorization | CPT or OPT |
| Timing | Start looking early, some companies recruit the previous fall |
| Resume | Include internship experience and tailor it for each role |
| Cover letter | One page, include personal work history, skills, talents and interests |
| Number of applications | Apply to dozens of organizations |
| Follow-up | Wait at least two weeks, then follow up via email or phone call |
| Social Security Number | Required for paid internships |
| Location | If in the US, subject to F-1 immigration requirements |
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What You'll Learn
Visa requirements
As an international student, you can do internships in the US, but you will need to ensure you have the right visa. The type of visa you need depends on whether you are already studying in the US or are coming solely for an internship. If you are already in the US as a student, you will need an F1 visa to intern. This is typically easier because the paperwork is already filled out for your F1 student visa. Students can choose between Curricular Practical Training (CPT), a degree-related internship, or Optional Practical Training (OPT), which can be unrelated to your degree. CPT can be authorised by your DSO but must be part of your academic program and be integral to your major field of study. CPT can be paid or unpaid, but students must have completed their first year at university. They must also apply for authorisation on their student visa and receive an updated I-20 form before beginning their internship. F-1 students at Student and Exchange Visitor Program (SEVP)-certified colleges, universities, seminaries, or conservatories can participate in summer practical training.
If you are coming to the US solely for an internship, you will likely need to enter on a J-1 visa. J-1 students must be sponsored by an accredited educational or other nonprofit institution, so you may be able to find internship placements through your sponsor. While J-1 students cannot apply for OPT, they are able to apply for Academic Training (AT) in a field related to their program for up to 18 months after graduating. Visa holders who want an internship in the USA without enrolling in a degree program can apply for a J-1 Intern or J-1 Trainee visa. Most businesses require interns to be enrolled in a university or have graduated in the last 12 months.
It is important to note that the visa process can be tedious and intimidating, and there may be additional requirements and constraints depending on your specific situation. For example, paid internships may require a Social Security Number. It is also illegal to work in the United States without authorization, so it is important to ensure you understand the legal requirements and maintain your student status.
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Work authorizations
International students with an F-1 visa can undertake internships under a work authorization status through Curricular Practical Training (CPT). CPT is a full-time or part-time training opportunity available during the school year or annual summer vacation. CPT can be authorized by a Designated School Official (DSO) but must be part of the student's academic program and be integral to their major field of study. To be eligible for CPT, students must have completed at least two full-time semesters and their internship must be related to their degree. CPT is valid for one year, and students must apply for a continuation six or more months before the authorization expires.
After completing their degree, students can apply for Optional Practical Training (OPT), which allows them to work in the US for up to 12 months. With a STEM-related degree, students can request up to two additional years of OPT, for a total of 36 months. OPT is a work authorization that allows F-1 students to gain practical work experience related to their major field of study.
International students must obtain proper authorization to work, whether they are paid or unpaid. Unpaid internships that provide a beneficial service to an employer and meet the DOL's six-factor test are considered employment and require work authorization. Students can determine their eligibility for work authorization by speaking with their DSO and applying for an Employment Authorization Document with USCIS.
It is important to note that F-1 students should not plan to work off-campus, as off-campus employment authorization is only granted in cases of severe economic hardship or emergent circumstances as defined by the Department of Homeland Security (DHS).
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Practical training
Curricular Practical Training (CPT):
CPT is a type of authorization that allows international students on an F-1 visa to engage in off-campus, curricular practical training. This includes both paid and unpaid internships. To be eligible for CPT, you must ensure the following:
- Complete at least one year of full-time study (two semesters) in the US before starting an off-campus internship. The exception is for graduate programs requiring internships in the first year.
- Ensure the internship is integral to your major field of study and is part of your academic program.
- Understand that CPT is typically for academic credit and must be related to your degree.
Optional Practical Training (OPT):
OPT is available for F-1 students during or after their academic program. It allows international students to work full-time in the US for up to 12 months with approval from US Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS). Here are some key points about OPT:
- Post-completion OPT: After graduating, you can apply for OPT to work in the US for up to 12 months. With a STEM degree, you can request an additional two-year extension.
- Pre-completion OPT: F-1 students can work full-time on campus or off-campus with certain international organizations during summer vacation. Economic hardship may also allow for full-time work off-campus.
Academic Training (AT):
For J-1 visa holders, Academic Training (AT) is an option. J-1 students cannot apply for OPT but can apply for AT in their field for up to 18 months after graduating.
Visa and Work Authorization Considerations:
- Understand Visa Regulations: Ensure you comprehend the visa regulations for international students seeking internships in the US. Most students hold an F-1 visa, but if you are coming from another country solely for the internship, you may need a J1 visa.
- Work Authorization: It is illegal to work in the US without authorization. Speak to your Designated School Official (DSO) to ensure you follow the rules. Understand the work authorization requirements for paid and unpaid internships.
- Timing is Crucial: Start your internship search early. Many companies recruit for summer internships in the previous fall.
- Virtual Internships: Consider virtual internships, which have become popular due to digital transitions. If you are located outside the US during a virtual internship, you may not need US work authorization, but check with your company.
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Resume and cover letter
As an international student, a summer internship in the US is a great way to gain experience in your field. However, US summer internships are competitive, so it's important to start your search early and be prepared to send tailored applications to many organisations.
Resume
When listing an internship on your resume, treat it as work experience. Include the internship title, company name, location, dates, and your responsibilities and achievements during the internship. Focus on responsibilities and achievements that are relevant to the job you are applying for. For example, if a role requires experience in administration, emphasise any administrative duties from your internship. You can list internships in either your work experience section or a dedicated internship section. If you have had many internships, it may be worth separating them into their own section.
If you are a student or recent graduate with limited work experience, internships are critical to show your skills and abilities. However, once you have gained enough experience in your field, you can start removing internships from your resume.
Cover Letter
A cover letter is a document submitted with your resume when applying for internships or job opportunities. It is usually one page long and contains an overview of your personal work history, skills, talents, and interests. It is also a chance to explain how your experiences and knowledge make you a good fit for the organisation. Be sure to address the hiring manager directly and include your contact information and the employer's details. You can also include your LinkedIn profile and/or links to your portfolio.
In your cover letter, you can mention any future internships you have lined up, especially if they are relevant to the role you are applying for. However, some sources advise against including future internships on your resume, as they are not actual work experience. Instead, you can include a single line about a future internship in your cover letter.
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Interview preparation
As an international student, there are several factors to consider when preparing for an interview for a summer internship in the United States. Here are some detailed guidelines to help you with your interview preparation:
Understanding Visa Requirements:
Before applying for internships, it is crucial to comprehend the visa regulations that govern international students' eligibility to work in the United States. Most international students in the US hold an F-1 visa, which allows for Curricular Practical Training (CPT) during their studies and Optional Practical Training (OPT) after graduation. CPT enables students to gain work experience related to their degree, provided they have completed at least one or two full-time semesters, depending on the source. OPT, on the other hand, allows students to work in the US for up to 12 months, with a possible two-year extension for STEM graduates. If you are an F-1 student, ensure you understand the CPT and OPT options available to you.
Researching the Company:
Demonstrating knowledge of the company and the role you are applying for is essential. Spend time researching the company's mission, values, products or services, recent projects, and any challenges or achievements they have had. This shows your interest and enthusiasm for the organisation and the specific internship. Understanding the company will also help you articulate how your skills and experiences align with their goals and needs.
Preparing Your Responses:
Interviewers often ask questions about your experiences, skills, and reasons for applying for the internship. Prepare concise and compelling responses that highlight your strengths and how they relate to the internship role. Discuss any relevant projects or extracurricular activities you have been involved in, emphasising the skills you developed. Be ready to explain why you are interested in the specific internship and how it aligns with your career goals. Practice answering common interview questions, and consider using the STAR method (Situation, Task, Action, Result) to structure your responses and showcase your abilities effectively.
Understanding the Role's Requirements:
Make sure you have a clear understanding of the internship role's requirements, responsibilities, and expectations. Review the job description thoroughly and identify the specific skills, qualifications, and traits they are seeking in candidates. This will help you tailor your responses during the interview and demonstrate that you are a strong fit for the role. Highlight any relevant academic or extracurricular experiences that align with the requirements.
Building a Strong Resume and Cover Letter:
A well-crafted resume and cover letter are essential components of your application. Ensure your resume is up-to-date and tailored specifically to the internship role, highlighting experiences, skills, and achievements that are relevant to the position. Your cover letter should complement your resume by providing a brief overview of your work history, skills, and interests while demonstrating how your qualifications align with the responsibilities and needs of the internship role. Seek advice or feedback on your resume and cover letter from career advisors or mentors to ensure they are effective and free of errors.
Networking and Following Up:
Networking is an integral part of the US job market and can increase your chances of securing an internship. Attend career fairs, networking events, and workshops to connect with professionals in your field. Building relationships with potential mentors or industry contacts can provide valuable insights and may even lead to referrals for internships. After applying for internships, consider following up with the hiring manager or the organisation. This demonstrates your enthusiasm and helps you stand out. However, always respect the employer's wishes, and if they specify no contact after applying, refrain from reaching out.
Remember, interview preparation is a comprehensive process that involves understanding visa regulations, researching the company, crafting strong application materials, and developing your responses to showcase your unique qualifications. Stay proactive, be confident, and don't be afraid to seek advice or support throughout your internship journey.
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Frequently asked questions
It is technically possible to do two internships in one summer, but it is not recommended due to the risk of burnout and the potential for legal and logistical issues.
Doing two internships in one summer can lead to burnout, as it may leave you with little time for sleep or other activities. It can also be logistically challenging to balance the demands of both internships, especially if they are full-time positions. There is also a risk of legal consequences if the internships overlap or if there are restrictions on working for multiple companies.
Doing two internships can provide a solid introduction to different fields and allow you to explore potential career paths. It can also help build your resume and make you a more competitive candidate for future opportunities.
International students with an F-1 visa can do internships under work authorization through Curricular Practical Training (CPT). The internship must be related to your degree, and you must have completed at least two full-time semesters. After graduation, you can apply for Optional Practical Training (OPT) to work in the US for up to 12 months, or an additional two years for STEM graduates.
Summer internships in the US are highly competitive, and employers often start recruiting and hiring during the previous fall. It is recommended to start your search early and be prepared to send tailored applications to multiple organizations.
